10/31/2025
Bangladesh’s Transformation: Challenges and Prospects in the Journey from Developing to Developed Nation
Editorial
By- S.K Hossain
The world today stands in an era of intense global competition. Technology, innovation, information flow, and a knowledge-based economy have become the driving forces of progress. In this context, the transition from a developing to a developed nation is not merely about economic growth; it is a multidimensional transformation. Bangladesh, now a lower-middle-income country, has made remarkable progress in recent decades. In areas such as human development, poverty reduction, and infrastructure expansion, the country has emerged as one of South Asia’s most promising economies. Yet, to reach the ranks of developed nations, Bangladesh must undergo deeper reforms and adopt strategic policy shifts.
Bangladesh’s greatest strength lies in its people. With a population of nearly 170 million, transforming this vast demographic into skilled human capital must be the core of its development strategy. The global economy increasingly depends on knowledge-based workforces, yet Bangladesh’s education system remains largely theoretical and examination-oriented. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or 4IR, skills, technology, analytical capacity, and innovation will determine economic success. Therefore, a fundamental transformation in education is essential. Integrating technical and vocational training into the mainstream, promoting research and innovation at the university level, and creating a technology-driven workforce will be crucial long-term investments.
Economically, Bangladesh remains heavily dependent on the ready-made garment (RMG) sector, which contributes nearly 80 percent of its export earnings. This sector has been a pillar of the economy, but reliance on a single industry poses risks in an era of technological change and shifting global demand. Economic diversification is thus imperative. Expanding investment in information technology, pharmaceuticals, agro-processing, electronics, and renewable energy could open new avenues of sustainable growth. Moreover, ensuring easier access to finance and fostering innovation-friendly policies for local entrepreneurs are key to building a resilient economy.
Good governance and administrative efficiency are essential hallmarks of any developed nation. To make progress sustainable, Bangladesh must tackle corruption, policy inconsistency, and bureaucratic inefficiency. A transparent, accountable, and results-oriented administrative system is vital. Expanding digital governance can help deliver public services directly to citizens, strengthening both economic performance and public trust.
In terms of infrastructure, Bangladesh has made visible progress in recent years. The Padma Bridge, Metro Rail, Karnaphuli Tunnel, and energy sector expansion have all boosted connectivity and economic momentum. The next step must be to ensure that these advancements are sustainable—through environmentally responsible urban planning, investment in renewable energy, and effective climate adaptation strategies. True development endures only when economic progress aligns with environmental balance.
On the global stage, Bangladesh must also rethink its trade and diplomatic strategies. Diversifying export markets and deepening regional cooperation are now crucial. As competition intensifies in India, China, and Southeast Asia, forming new economic partnerships is essential. At the same time, enhancing the skills of migrant workers and ensuring safe migration will help maintain the stability of remittance inflows—still a major pillar of Bangladesh’s economy.
Inclusive development and social justice must remain central to the country’s transformation. Women, youth, and marginalized groups must be brought into the mainstream of progress. Gender equality, women’s leadership, and equal opportunities in the workplace are not just moral imperatives—they are economic necessities for sustained growth.
Bangladesh is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change. As part of a long-term sustainable development strategy, environmental protection must be prioritized. Expanding the use of solar and wind power, conserving rivers and forests, and reducing carbon emissions through proactive policy measures will be essential steps toward a greener future.
In essence, the journey from a developing to a developed nation is complex and time-intensive. It demands not only economic reform but also social, institutional, and attitudinal transformation. Bangladesh’s recent progress inspires optimism, yet sustaining that momentum will require policy continuity, governance stability, and investment in human capital. If the nation can align education, innovation, good governance, and sustainable growth within a unified vision, the dream of becoming a developed country within the next two decades may very well turn into reality.
S.K Hossain
Journalist and writer