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Diseases MDPI

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Diseases MDPI

Diseases (2079-9721) is an international, open access journal on human diseases and conditions.

28/11/2025

💊“Apixaban-Induced Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis: Case Report and Literature Review” (Diseases, 2024, 12(10), 263) by Alexandru Ionut Coseru et al. reports a rare adverse effect of apixaban, a widely used direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), in a 73-year-old woman treated for non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The patient presented with asthenia, dysphagia, and melena, and laboratory tests revealed moderate anemia (Hb 7.7 g/dL). Endoscopy confirmed esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS), attributed to apixaban use.

The patient was treated with high-dose proton pump inhibitors and iron supplementation, leading to full healing of esophageal lesions within a month. Subsequent anticoagulation management involved careful discussion of alternatives, and rivaroxaban was initiated after the patient declined vitamin K antagonists.

🔬 This case highlights that while DOACs are effective for stroke and thromboembolism prevention, clinicians should remain vigilant for rare but serious gastrointestinal complications like EDS and consider multidisciplinary management for optimal patient outcomes.

🔗 Diseases: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/10/263

28/11/2025

🌍 Research Insight
📖 Title: The Promotion of Non-Communicable Disease Screening in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia: A Mixed-Method Study
👩‍⚕️ Authors: Heldana Debebe, Bezawit Ketema, Sophie Sarah Rossner, Sarah Negash, Adamu Addissie, Mirgissa Kaba, Mulugeta Tamire & Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
🔗 Read more: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/294

28/11/2025

🦠 “Comparative Analysis of qSOFA, PRIEST, PAINT, and ISARIC4C Scores in Predicting Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Among Patients Aged over 75 Years” (Diseases, 2024, 12(12), 304) by Daniela Rosca et al. examines how different clinical scoring systems can predict severe outcomes in elderly COVID-19 patients.

The study found that the ISARIC4C score had the highest predictive accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.772, while qSOFA, PRIEST, and PAINT scores also demonstrated strong predictive validity. Optimal cutoffs were identified for each score, enabling clinicians to stratify risk early and allocate resources effectively.

🔬 These findings highlight the importance of using validated scoring tools to identify elderly COVID-19 patients at high risk of adverse outcomes, supporting timely clinical interventions and improved care management.

🔗Website: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/304

28/11/2025

🧬 Research Highlight
📖 Title: Desmocollin-3 and Bladder Cancer
👩‍⚕️ Authors: Chandreshwar P. Shukla, Nayan K. Jain, Michael A. O’Donnell, Kapil V. Vachhani, Rashmi Patel, Janki Patel, Rajiv Modi, Arpit Dheeraj, Jee Min Lee, Annah Rolig, Sanjay V. Malhotra & Bakulesh Khamar
🔗 Website: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/5/131

28/11/2025

💡 Research Insight
📖 Title: Quality of Life and Stress-Related Psychological Distress Among Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
👩‍⚕️ Authors: Razvan Betea, Mirabela Dima & Veronica Daniela Chiriac
🔗 Read more: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/3/70

28/11/2025

💧 “Electrolyte Imbalances and Metabolic Emergencies in Obesity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications” (Diseases, 2025, 13(3), 69) by Iulia Najette Crintea, Alexandru Cristian Cindrea, Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle, Cosmin Iosif Trebuian, and Romulus Timar explores how obesity-related metabolic dysfunction often involves critical electrolyte disturbances.

The review emphasizes that effective management requires personalized monitoring and multidisciplinary care, including dietary sodium restriction, potassium supplementation, correction of vitamin D and magnesium levels, pharmacologic interventions targeting RAAS and insulin resistance, and lifestyle strategies like weight loss, diet modification, and optimized hydration. Understanding the interplay between obesity, electrolyte homeostasis, and metabolic health is essential to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes.

🔗 Website: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/3/69

28/11/2025

📢 Research Highlight
📖 Title: SGLT2 Inhibitors in COVID-19: Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Sensitivity Assessment
👩‍⚕️ Authors: Vinay Suresh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Victor Ghosh, Tirth Dave, Malavika Jayan, Amogh Verma, Vivek Sanker, Priyanka Roy & Mainak Bardhan
🔗 Read more: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/3/67

28/11/2025

🧬 “Association Between the rs13306703 and rs8192288 Variants of the SOD3 Gene and Breast Cancer and an In Silico Analysis of the Variants’ Impact” (Diseases, 2024, 12(11), 276) by Gallegos-Arreola et al. examines how two SOD3 gene variants may influence breast cancer risk in the Mexican population.

Through genetic testing in 386 breast cancer patients and 357 controls, the study found that the TT genotype of rs13306703 and specific patterns involving rs8192288 were associated with higher breast cancer susceptibility and more aggressive clinical features, including advanced tumor stages, Ki-67 ≥ 20%, and poorer chemotherapy response.

The authors also report that the presence of diabetes mellitus strengthened the risk effect of the TT genotype, and haplotype analysis showed that the TT haplotype further increased breast cancer risk. In silico modeling suggested these variants may disrupt SOD3 regulation by altering transcription factor binding, enhancer activity, and transcription start site regions in breast epithelial cells.

🔬 These findings highlight the growing importance of genetic profiling in understanding individualized breast cancer risk and treatment response, especially in understudied populations.

🔗 Website: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/276

28/11/2025

🦴“Bone Mineral Density, C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen, and Osteocalcin as Monitoring Parameters of Bone Remodeling in CML Patients Undergoing Imatinib Therapy” (Diseases, 2024, 12(11), 275) by Nurita Indarwulan, Merlyna Savitri*, Ami Ashariati, Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro, Muhammad Noor Diansyah, Putu Niken Ayu Amrita, and Pradana Zaky Romadhon explores how long-term Imatinib therapy influences bone health in individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

While Imatinib is a highly effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor for controlling leukemic proliferation, it also affects pathways essential for normal bone metabolism, making bone monitoring an important aspect of patient management.

The review highlights how combining structural measures such as bone mineral density (BMD) with biochemical markers like CTX-1, which reflects bone resorption, and osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, offers a more comprehensive assessment of bone turnover. These parameters together capture both the metabolic and structural consequences of prolonged TKI therapy, allowing clinicians to detect abnormalities that may not be visible through imaging alone.

🔗 Read the full review: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/275

26/11/2025

📢 Study Spotlight
📖 Title: The Effects of Prophylactic Laxative Use on Critically Ill Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
👩‍⚕️ Authors: Heqing Tao et al.
🔗 Check the full study: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/274

26/11/2025

👵 “Frailty and Visual Impairment in Elderly Individuals: Improving Outcomes and Modulating Cognitive Decline Through Collaborative Care Between Geriatricians and Ophthalmologists”
published in Diseases (2024, 12(11), 273).
Authored by Daniel Dinarvand, Johann Panthakey, Ahmed Hassan, and Mohamed H. Ahmed.

🩺 Study Overview:
This narrative review explores how eye diseases—such as cataracts, glaucoma, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy—contribute not only to visual impairment but also to increased frailty and accelerated cognitive decline in older adults. Reduced sensory input from vision loss decreases cognitive stimulation and social engagement, creating a cycle that worsens neurodegeneration, frailty, and quality of life. The review also highlights how subjective cognitive decline commonly appears in visually impaired older adults, often preceding dementia.

🔗 Read the full review here: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/273

26/11/2025

🧠 “Impact of Coconut Oil and Its Bioactive Metabolites in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
published in Diseases (2024, 12(11), 272).
Authored by Duaa Bafail, Abrar Bafail, Norah Alshehri, Noura Hamdi Alhalees, and Ahmad Bajarwan.

🩺 Study Overview:
With Alzheimer’s disease affecting tens of millions worldwide, interest has grown in nutritional approaches that may support cognition. Coconut oil (CO), rich in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), has been proposed as a potential dietary strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined seven eligible studies published between 2015 and 2023, evaluating the effects of CO and its metabolites on cognitive outcomes in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. Both qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis were conducted, including standardized mean differences and confidence intervals.

🌿 Takeaway:
Across all included studies, coconut oil consistently improved cognitive scores compared with control groups. Variability between study outcomes was low, reinforcing the reliability of the findings. These results add to growing evidence that MCTs from coconut oil may enhance cognitive abilities and potentially slow Alzheimer’s progression, supporting future development of targeted dietary interventions for at-risk or diagnosed individuals.

🔗 Read the full study here: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/272

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