Civil Engineering Enthusiast.

Civil Engineering Enthusiast. Share experiences working in construction and engineering. Don't forget to follow us👷🏻
(1)

Basic Plumbing Fixtures and Fittings 👷🏻
16/11/2025

Basic Plumbing Fixtures and Fittings 👷🏻

Steel Beam Concrete ColumnA steel beam–concrete column system is a composite structural connection commonly used in mode...
16/11/2025

Steel Beam Concrete Column

A steel beam–concrete column system is a composite structural connection commonly used in modern buildings, where steel beams support the floor loads and reinforced concrete (RC) columns carry these loads down to the foundation.

🧱 Steel Beam–Concrete Column Connection

1. Components:

Steel Beam:

Made of structural steel (like I-beam, H-beam, or channel section).

Carries bending moments and shear forces from slabs or floors.

Concrete Column:

Made of reinforced concrete (RC).

Transfers axial load, moment, and shear from beams to the foundation.

⚙️ Types of Connections:

1. Simple Connection (Pinned Type)

Transfers only shear.

Allows beam to rotate freely.

Common in low-rise frames.

2. Rigid Connection (Moment Connection)

Transfers bending moment and shear.

Provides frame stiffness and stability.

Used in high-rise and earthquake-resistant frames.

3. Semi-Rigid Connection

Partially resists moment; a mix between pinned and rigid.

🔩 Connection Methods:

Base Plate & Anchor Bolts:
Steel beam is bolted to a steel plate embedded in the concrete column.

Shear Connectors (Studs):
Ensure composite action between steel and concrete.

Welded Plate Connection:
Beam fl**ge and web are welded to an embedded steel plate.

🧮 Advantages:

Combines strength of steel with stiffness of concrete.

Provides fire resistance (from concrete) and flexibility (from steel).

Reduces total building weight compared to full RC structure.

⚠️ Design Considerations:

Interface shear transfer between steel and concrete.

Differential thermal expansion.

Proper anchorage detailing.

Use of IS 800 & IS 456 (or AISC & ACI) codes for design

Understanding bar Bending👷🏻
15/11/2025

Understanding bar Bending👷🏻

🌞 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES IN ARCHITECTUREThe image illustrates four common and effective daylight...
15/11/2025

🌞 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES IN ARCHITECTURE
The image illustrates four common and effective daylighting strategies used in architecture to bring natural light deeper into a building's interior reducing the need for artificial lighting and enhancing occupant well-being.

1. ATRIUM
🔸 Description : An atrium is a large open usually central space within a building that is typically covered with a glazed roof or skylight.
🔸 Mechanism : Sunlight (and skylight) penetrates directly through the glass roof at the top of the building. This light then cascades downward and is reflected off the light-colored internal walls balconies and floor surfaces of the atrium.
🔸 Purpose :
• To provide natural light to the core (central) areas of deep-plan buildings that would otherwise be dark.
• To provide natural light and views to the spaces adjacent to the atrium on multiple floor levels.
• As shown : The sun's rays pass through the Glass roof and illuminate the multi-story interior space and the person standing at the base.

2. LIGHT DUCT
🔸 Description : A light duct (or light pipe/tube) is a system of shafts or channels often with highly reflective interior surfaces designed to transport daylight horizontally or vertically from an exterior aperture to an interior space that is far from an outside wall.
🔸 Mechanism : Sunlight is captured by an opening (sometimes with a collector or reflector) and is then channeled and reflected repeatedly down the duct's highly reflective walls (sometimes made of materials with reflectivity as high as 95% to 98%). This moves the light to an interior room.
🔸 Purpose : To deliver light to the interior of a building especially to spaces without external walls or windows.
🔸 As shown : The sun's rays are directed into an opening where Reflectors (e.g. mirrors or specialized reflective films) are used to bounce the light around the corners and deep into the building's interior space.

3. CLERESTORY (OR CLERESTOREY)
🔸 Description : A clerestory refers to a high section of wall that contains windows above eye level often allowing light into the center of a large room or a room with a sloped ceiling.
🔸 Mechanism : High-level windows allow direct and diffuse sunlight to enter the space. Because they are placed high on the wall the light beam penetrates deeper into the room compared to standard lower windows. The light is typically directed toward the ceiling where it reflects and diffuses downward creating a softer more even illumination with less glare.
🔸 Purpose : To provide deep daylight pe*******on and improve light uniformity while maintaining privacy and reducing direct glare at eye level.
🔸 As shown : The roof line is slanted and an aperture with Glass is placed high up allowing light to shine onto the back wall and ceiling from where it is diffused into the room.

4. REFLECTIVE BLINDS
🔸 Description : This is a dynamic shading and redirection system often incorporating horizontal slat blinds (similar to Venetian blinds) that use specialized highly reflective finishes. This concept is often integrated with Light Shelves (exterior or interior horizontal panels).
🔸 Mechanism : The lower slats of the blind are often used for glare control while the upper highly reflective slats or surfaces (as shown by the reflector element) are angled to intercept the high-angle sunlight. The light is then reflected upward onto the ceiling of the room. The light ceiling then acts as a large diffuse secondary reflector distributing soft even light deep into the space.
🔸 Purpose : To block direct glaring sunlight from the occupant's view while simultaneously harvesting and redirect* As shown: The sun's rays hit the angled Reflectors (the reflective blinds/light shelf structure) which bounce the light up onto the ceiling to illuminate the interior space below.

These four elements are classic examples of passive daylighting design—using the building's form and fixed elements to control and maximize natural light.

💯 correct• Architects: focus on the creative design, aesthetics, and functionality of buildings.• Engineers: focus on th...
15/11/2025

💯 correct
• Architects: focus on the creative design, aesthetics, and functionality of buildings.
• Engineers: focus on the technical, structural, and safety aspects of buildings.

Plaster work 👷🏻
14/11/2025

Plaster work 👷🏻

❗Useful information ❗How to find distance by leveling machine, theodolite and tachometer.In reality, the method we are g...
14/11/2025

❗Useful information ❗
How to find distance by leveling machine, theodolite and tachometer.

In reality, the method we are going to explicate is not only extraordinary for leveling machine. Obviously, this technique can be used using tachometer and any other device like theodolite, etc.

In case there are two points on earth surface like point A and point B and we require the distance between these two points. Here the distance signifies the horizontal distance between these two points.

In order to find the distance, we just set the instrument at one of these points in the graduated staff rod.

The method can be utilized using theodolite and tachometer.

There’re 2 points on earth surface (point A and point B).

The distance between these points is needed.

Here, the distance indicates the horizontal distance amid the two points.

To determine the distance, the instrument is set at one of the points.

Furthermore, upper hair and lower hair readings are needed.

Upper hair reading = 1.112

Lower hair reading = 0.654

Distance = [top reading – bottom reading] x constant

Distance = [1.112 – 0.654] x 100 = 45.8 m

What is Azimuth?

Azimuth is the horizontal angle measured clockwise from the North direction to the
line in question.

Formula:

Azimuth (Line AB) = Bearing from North (clockwise)

Calculation quantity of cement, sand and brick in one cubic meter
14/11/2025

Calculation quantity of cement, sand and brick in one cubic meter

Beam deflection 👷🏻
13/11/2025

Beam deflection 👷🏻

Cross Section for Road👷🏻
13/11/2025

Cross Section for Road👷🏻

The photo illustrates a construction technique known as sprayed concrete or shotcrete, which is utilized for retrofittin...
12/11/2025

The photo illustrates a construction technique known as sprayed concrete or shotcrete, which is utilized for retrofitting or strengthening building structures.

Process Details
- Technique : Workers apply concrete or mortar pneumatically, which involves using compressed air to spray the material through a hose and nozzle onto walls and columns.
- Reinforcement : Prior to application, a steel wire mesh reinforcement is installed to enhance structural stability and improve the bonding of the sprayed material.
- Application : The high velocity of the spray effectively places and compacts the concrete, enabling it to adhere to vertical surfaces without the need for traditional formwork. This method is particularly effective for repairing damaged concrete, strengthening existing walls, and encasing structural members.

Applications
Sprayed concrete is commonly employed in various construction and repair projects, including :
- Tunnel and mine linings
- Slope and excavation stabilization
- Repairing structures damaged by fire or earthquakes
- Constructing curved surfaces, such as swimming pools
- Strengthening columns and beams through a process known as jacketing, where they are encased in a new layer of concrete.

Type of Beam
12/11/2025

Type of Beam

Address

Breitenbachstrasse 5-3 Laufen, Swiss
Bandung Satu
4242

Telephone

+62896863542652

Website

Alerts

Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Civil Engineering Enthusiast. posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Shortcuts

Share

Category