CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems

04/01/2026

Coordinated Operation of Active Distribution Network, Networked Loads, and Electric Vehicles: A Multi-Agent PPO Optimization Method

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10106205

Authors: Shi, Wenlong; Zhang, Dongxia; Han, Xiao; Wang, Xinying; Pu, Tianjiao; Chen, Wei

Affiliations: State Grid Corporation of China; China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI)

Journal: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, Vol. 11, No. 5

“Coordinated Operation of Active Distribution Network, Networked Loads, and Electric Vehicles: A Multi-Agent PPO Optimization Method” proposes a multi-agent cooperative operation optimization framework for active distribution networks with flexible loads and large-scale electric vehicles. The authors construct models for adjustable loads and EV behaviors, and then design a multi-agent reinforcement learning strategy based on proximal policy optimization (PPO). Each agent learns its own optimal policy while coordinating with others to achieve global objectives, such as minimizing operating cost and improving load profiles. The method captures the complex interactions among the distribution network, networked loads, and EVs, enabling adaptive and data-driven operation without relying on precise forecasting. Day-ahead scheduling results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, showing improved utilization of flexible resources and enhanced operational economy of the active distribution network.

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

This paper proposes a multi-agent cooperative operation optimization strategy for regional power grids considering the uncertainty of renewable energy output an

30/12/2025

Transient Power Angle Control for a Droop-Controlled Voltage Source Converter Considering Fault Current Limitation

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9917422/

Authors: Ge, Pingjuan; Xiao, Fan; Tu, Chunming; Guo, Qi; Xiao, Zekun; Xie, Weijie

Affiliations: Hunan University

Journal: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, Vol. 11, No. 5

In “Transient Power Angle Control for a Droop-Controlled Voltage Source Converter Considering Fault Current Limitation,” the authors tackle transient stability and fault current constraints for droop-controlled VSCs. Equipped with P–f and Q–U droop characteristics, such converters must withstand grid faults while keeping fault current within safe limits. The paper first analyzes transient operation conditions and clarifies the relationship between power angle dynamics and current limitation. On this basis, a transient power angle control method is proposed to adaptively adjust the converter response during fault events. The approach effectively limits fault current, enhances transient stability, and supports fault ride-through capability. Simulation and experimental tests confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, providing a practical control solution for VSCs in weak or fault-prone grids.

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

Voltage source converters (VSCs), equipped with $P-f$ and $Q-U$ droop characteristics, can support a power system from both frequency and voltage. Unfortunately

29/12/2025

Modeling VSC with Active/Reactive Current Excitation and Internal Voltage Dynamics Response for Grid Amplitude/Frequency Modulation Dynamics Analysis

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10106195

Authors: Gong, Xuan; Yuan, Xiaoming; Hu, Jiabing; Wang, Sicheng

Affiliations: Huazhong University of Science & Technology

Journal: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, Vol. 11, No. 5

“Modeling VSC with Active/Reactive Current Excitation and Internal Voltage Dynamics Response for Grid Amplitude/Frequency Modulation Dynamics Analysis” focuses on voltage source converters (VSCs) in power-electronics-dominated grids. With increasing pe*******on of grid-tied PE devices, understanding the dynamic response of VSCs under grid amplitude and frequency modulation becomes crucial. The paper develops a detailed VSC model that explicitly incorporates active and reactive current excitation as well as internal voltage dynamics. Based on this model, the authors analyze how the VSC responds to power excitation and how its voltage vector evolves in different operating scenarios. The work offers a clearer physical interpretation of VSC behavior, helping to reveal key dynamic characteristics that affect system stability. These insights are valuable for designing control strategies and ensuring secure operation in future PE-rich power systems.

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

Increasing pe*******on of power electronic (PE) grid-tied devices has caused more and more dynamic problems with unknown mechanisms. Since grid operation asks f

16/12/2025

Optimal Configuration of Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System with PV/Wind/Hydrogen/Cooling

Authors: Ge, Leijiao; Liu, Jiaheng; Wang, Zhongguan; Rafiq, Muhammad Umer

Affiliations: Tianjin University

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9862585

the authors investigate an off-grid hybrid system that couples photovoltaic and wind generation with hydrogen storage and ice-based cooling. Hydrogen and ice storage are highlighted as promising, environmentally friendly options that can enhance system autonomy and reliability. The paper formulates an optimization model for system configuration under multiple performance indices, and applies an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) to determine the optimal sizing and operation strategy. The results show that the proposed configuration method can effectively balance investment cost, energy supply security, and cooling demand, while the ISSA algorithm achieves high accuracy and robustness. This study provides practical design guidance for off-grid hybrid renewable systems serving remote regions or critical loads with combined electricity and cooling needs.

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

Hydrogen storage and ice storage are promising, environmentally friendly energy storage technologies. However, there are few investigations on the optimal confi

10/12/2025

Simultaneous Power Compensation and Ground Fault Elimination in Distribution Networks
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10165661

Authors: Zhang, Binlong; Guo, Moufa; Zheng, Zeyin; Guo, Caihong
Affiliations: Fuzhou University
Journal: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2025, Vol. 11, No. 5

The complex operating environment of distribution networks makes impermanent single-phase-to-ground faults and high-temperature ground-fault arcs a serious threat to both human safety and power equipment. “Simultaneous Power Compensation and Ground Fault Elimination in Distribution Networks” proposes an active mitigation strategy that uses improved flexible power electronic equipment (FPEE) with dc-link sources to extinguish the fault arc in time while maintaining stable network operation. By decoupling control of active power, reactive power, and fault current in the d–q–0 coordinate system, the method achieves simultaneous ground-fault compensation and power quality improvement. In normal operation, the FPEE can also function as a virtual synchronous generator to smooth load fluctuations. Simulation studies verify the feasibility and practicality of this multi-functional control, offering an effective solution for safer and higher-quality distribution network operation.

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

The complex working environment of distribution networks tends to cause impermanent single-phase-to-ground (SPG) fault, and high-temperature ground fault arc is

18/11/2025

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=11202683&punumber=7054730

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03/11/2025

This paper, published in the CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, presents a cutting-edge scheduling framework that utilizes the flexibility of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to enhance renewable energy integration within a virtual power plant (VPP) environment. The research team proposes a two-stage, multi-time-scale control strategy where TCLs function as virtual generators on the hour-level and as virtual batteries on the minute-level, addressing forecast errors in renewable energy output across different time scales. To account for user preferences, a transactive energy market is designed to guide TCL behavior via price signals. Furthermore, a distributionally robust optimization method, based on the Wasserstein metric, is incorporated to handle uncertainty in renewable forecasts. By transforming the problem into a mixed-integer linear program using affine decision rules and duality theory, the approach remains computationally efficient. Comparative simulations validate that this method outperforms conventional robust and stochastic strategies, demonstrating superior performance in managing variability in VPP operations through comprehensive TCL coordination.



Coauthored by Meng Song; Xiaoyuan Xu; Ciwei Gao; Zheng Yan; Mohammad Shahidehpour from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA.



You can check on the whole article on IEEE Xplore by:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10165671

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) have huge thermal inertia and are promising resources to promote consumption of renewable energy sources (RESs) for car

01/11/2025

This paper investigates the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomena in direct drive wind farms connected to weak AC grids, introducing a novel analysis method based on the complex torque coefficient model. The wind farm system is decomposed into a DC capacitor component and an electrical control component, allowing the derivation of an analytical expression for damping torque from the electrical side. The mechanism of SSO is analyzed through damping characteristics, with system stability evaluated via a damping coefficient criterion (negative indicating instability). The study explores how grid strength, operating conditions, and control parameters affect SSO behavior and shows that adding a subsynchronous oscillation damping controller (SSDC) effectively mitigates the oscillation risk. Furthermore, a complex torque model for multi-substation wind farms is developed, enabling preliminary insights into dynamic interactions among sub-farms. Time-domain simulations in EMTDC/PSCAD verify the correctness of the proposed analytical model and its practical value for improving wind farm-grid integration stability.



Coauthored by Wenchao Zhai; Qi Jia; Gangui Yan from Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China.



You can check on the whole article on IEEE Xplore by:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9862565

All CSEE JPES articles are OA published on IEEE Xplore.

Based on subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by the connection of a direct drive wind farm to a weak alternating current (AC) grid, a complex torque model i