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Le Géologue Algérien, Oran (2025)

10/06/2025

Lithological mapping, elemental and thermal characterization of Menouna coal in Abadla Basin for potential applications

AUTEURS
Ahmed Yacine Acila (Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russie)
Mahmoud E.A. Eid (Tanta University, Egypte)
Aleksey V. Nastavkin (Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russie)

R***E
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
Volume 139, article n° 103955
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1474706525001056

RESUME
[en] Abstract
This study provides characterization of Menouna coal from the Abadla Basin, Algeria, using a multidisciplinary approach that integrates geological mapping, lithological logging, proximate and ultimate analyses, and calorific measurements of Higher and Lower Heating Value (HHV/LHV). Analytical techniques, conducted in accordance with international standards (ASTM and ISO), reveal key properties, including a moisture content of 7.2 %, ash content of 6.6 %, fixed carbon content of 46.4 % and a high organic carbon content of 75.6 %. The coal was classified as medium-grade bituminous with a low sulfur content (1.015 %), making it suitable for environmentally friendly applications. The HHV analysis yielded an average value of 34.00 MJ/kg, while the LHV analysis showed an average value of 32.78 MJ/kg, confirming the coal's significant energy potential. These findings highlight Menouna coal's suitability for power generation, cement production, and metallurgical processes, while aligning with global efforts to reduce emissions and promote sustainable energy use. The study underscores the strategic importance of Menouna mine in Algeria's energy landscape and provides essential data for future resource exploration and management.

HIGHLIGHTS
• Comprehensive characterization of Menouna coal reveals high energy potential (HHV: 34.00 MJ/kg, LHV: 32.78 MJ/kg).
• Low sulfur (1.015 %) and ash (6.6 %) content make Menouna coal environmentally friendly for industrial applications.
• High organic carbon (75.6 %) and fixed carbon (46.4 %) classify Menouna coal as medium-rank bituminous.
• Integrated analysis using ASTM/ISO standards confirms Menouna coal's suitability for power generation and cement production.
• Study highlights Menouna coal's strategic importance in Algeria's energy sector, balancing efficiency and sustainability.

29/05/2025

Annonce et programme de la journée d'études ‘Mines and Rare Earths: Economic Challenges for Algeria’ qui aura lieu le 02 juin prochain au Département des Sciences de la Terre de l'Université de Constantine 1.

27/05/2025

The 2023Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake rupture increases potential failure along the northern Dead Sea Fault

AUTEURS
Mustapha Meghraoui (Université de Strasbourg, France)
Ziyadin Cakir (Istanbul Technical University, Turquie)
Jugurtha Kariche (Université de Strasbourg, France ; USTHB Alger, Algérie)
Renaud Toussaint (Université de Strasbourg, France ; University of Oslo, Norvège)
Floriane Provost (Université de Strasbourg, France)
Volkan Karabacak (Eskisehir University, Turquie)
Reda Sbeinati (Université de Strasbourg, France)
Erhan Altunel (Eskisehir University, Turquie)
Tony Nemer (American University of Beirut, Liban)

R***E
Tectonophysics
Sous presse ; n° 230799
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195125001854

RESUME
[en] Abstract
The 6 February 2023 earthquake sequence along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF, Mw 7.8) and Çardak fault (CF, Mw 7.6) in southern Turkiye reveals the importance of seismic gaps and fault segments interaction. Both large earthquakes show shallow hypocentres (

26/05/2025

تلقينا نبأ وفاة الزميل الأستاذ، السيد نواصر رشيد من قسم الجيولجيا لجامعة باجي مختار عنابة.
اللهم ارحمه و ثبته عند السؤال و ارزق اهله الصبر و السلوان، إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون.

24/05/2025

Groundwater quality assessment using few-shot learning with prototypical, Siamese, and matching networks

AUTEURS
Abdessamed Derdour (C.U. Naâma, Algérie)
Mohammed Baz (Taif University, Arabie Saoudite)
Ali Alzaed (Taif University, Arabie Saoudite)
Amanuel Kumsa Bojer (Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute, Addis-Abeba, Ethiopie)
Sherif S.M. Ghoneim (Taif University, Arabie Saoudite)

R***E
Journal of Water Process Engineering (I.F. : 6.9 / C.S. : 10.7)
Volume 75 ; article n° 108003
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221471442501075X

RESUME
[en] Abstract
Groundwater quality assessment is critical for sustainable water resource management, especially in hyperarid regions like Adrar, Algeria, where data scarcity and environmental challenges hinder traditional monitoring methods. This study explores the application of three Few-Shot Learning (FSL) algorithms: Prototypical Networks, Siamese Networks, and Matching Networks, for groundwater quality classification using limited datasets. The dataset comprises 166 groundwater samples from the Adrar region, characterized by five quality classes: “Excellent,” “Very Good,” “Good,” “Satisfactory,” and “Unsatisfactory.” Results demonstrate that Prototypical Networks outperform other FSL algorithms, achieving 93 % accuracy with 10 support samples per class, while Siamese and Matching Networks achieve 90 % and 88 % accuracy, respectively. The study highlights the potential of FSL in addressing data scarcity, offering a cost-effective and efficient approach for groundwater quality assessment in data-scarce regions. The findings underscore the importance of FSL in complementing traditional methods, particularly in hyper arid areas where data collection is challenging.

HIGHLIGHTS
• Comparative analysis of Prototypical, Siamese, and Matching Networks for groundwater quality.
• Application of few-shot learning to assess groundwater quality with limited data.
• Evaluates model performance in classifying groundwater contamination levels.
• Highlights advantages and challenges of deep learning in hydrogeological studies.
• Provides insights for improving AI-driven groundwater quality monitoring systems.

24/05/2025

Major Ionic Evolution of Na–Mg–Cl Brines in Solar Saltworks and Their Processing Optimization: A Case Study From Chott Melrhir Salt Lake, Algeria

AUTEURS
Farouk Remita (Université de Ouargla, Algérie)
Merzouk Zatout (Université de Ouargla, Algérie)
Messaoud Hacini (Université de Ouargla, Algérie)
Ammar Ghodbane (Constantine, Algérie)
Abdellatif Remita (Université de Ouargla, Algérie)
Pin Gao (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Chine)
Yulong Li (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Chine)
Xiying Zhang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Chine)

R***E
Geological Journal
Sous presse
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gj.5232

RESUME
[en] Abstract
Solar saltworks often face challenging production conditions, including drastic thermodynamic condition changes. The major ionic evolution of the inland brine in Chott Melrhir saltwork has been studied with an indoor polythermal and isothermal at 35°C evaporation simulation, using phase diagrams and forward geochemical modelling. Hydrochemical and mineralogical analysis indicated that the brine under investigation exhibits an oceanic chemical character and follows a metastable evaporation path similar to that of seawater at 35°C. During the transport to the surface, the brine undergoes a drastic concentration, depositing major calcium content as gypsum. Evaporation yields significant quantities of kainite, magnesium sulphate salts and halite, the latter of which precipitates predominantly at the outset of the process along with minimal gypsum contents. Raw salt and washing brine analysis indicated that the interstitial brine was the source of the major ionic impurity, along with clay and sand, while gypsum and calcium ions were identified as solar evaporation impurities. The use of PHREEQC (pH-Redox Equilibrium C-programme) geochemical simulation software and Pitzer's database has enabled the precise proposal of a shift in pumping densities for solar evaporation feed brine of approximately 1.221 and for washing brine of approximately 1.227. This methodology may be tested for the purpose of overcoming significant challenges posed by major ionic impurities that producers may encounter during production in such environments. Moreover, the results have the potential to facilitate the expansion of production through the separation of other salts that may possess greater economic value, such as kainite in this case.

24/05/2025

First insight on macroinvertebrates of Chebket Es Sellaoua (NE Algeria): Some significant ammonites from the lower Mantelliceras mantelli Zone (lower Cenomanian)

AUTEURS
Abdelkader Oudni (Université d'Oum El Bouaghi, Algérie)
Riadh Aouissi (Université d'Oum El Bouaghi, Algérie)
Rachel Kruft Welton (University of Bristol, Royaume-Uni)
El Hadi Mazouz (Université d'Oum El Bouaghi, Algérie)
Nouh Rebouh (CRAT Constantine, Algérie)
Abdelkader Khiari (Université d'Oum El Bouaghi, Algérie)

R***E
Annales de Paléontologie
Volume 111 (2) ; article n° 102870
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S075339692500117X

RESUME
Premier aperçu sur les macro-invertébrés de Chebket Es Sellaoua (NE Algérie) : quelques ammonites significatives de la partie inférieure de la Zone à Mantelliceras mantelli (Cénomanien inférieur). - Ce travail constitue une première étude paléontologique sur les macro-invertébrés de Chebket Es Sellaoua au NE Algérien, au sein d’une formation cénomanienne riche en ammonites. L’assemblage ammonitique du Cénomanien inférieur correspond à la Zone à Mantelliceras mantelli et permet l’identification 12 espèces ammonitiques répertoriées sur 9 genres, 7 familles et 1 seul ordre. Parmi celles-ci, Phylloceras (Goretophylloceras) subalpinum (d’Orbigny), Puzosia compressa (Kossmat), et Mantelliceras picteti (Hyatt) sont signalées pour la première fois dans cette région. Deux associations ammonitiques sont déterminées: une première association marquée par l’abondance de Desmoceras (Desmoceras) latidorsatum (Michelin) et Ostingoceras costulatum (Pervinquière) et coïncidant avec la Sous-Zone à Sharpeiceras schlueteri, et une deuxième correspondant à la Sous-Zone à Mantelliceras saxbii en association avec Puzosia compressa, Mantelliceras picteti et Scaphites spp. Les ammonites présentes dans ce travail sont communes dans l’Ouest de la Néo-Téthys, (Europe, Afrique du Nord, Moyen Orient) et l’Est de la Néo-Téthys (Afrique, Madagascar et Inde) en plus d’autres régions dans le monde.

[en] Abstract
The present work is the first paleontological study on the macroinvertebrates of Chebket Es Sellaoua in Northeastern Algeria, a Cenomanian formation rich in ammonites. Twelve ammonoid species belonging to 9 genera, 7 families and 1 order from the lower Cenomanian Mantelliceras mantelli Zone, are systematically described and illustrated. Among them, Phylloceras (Goretophylloceras) subalpinum (d’Orbigny), Puzosia compressa (Kossmat), and Mantelliceras picteti (Hyatt) are recorded for the first time in this location. The Mantelliceras mantelli Zone represents the first two thirds of the whole lower Cenomanian. Two subzones are reported in this Zone: the first one is marked by the abundance of Desmoceras (Desmoceras) latidorsatum (Michelin) and Ostingoceras costulatum (Pervinquière) and coincides with the Sharpeiceras schlueteri Subzone. The second one corresponds to the Mantelliceras saxbii Subzone associated with Puzosia compressa, Mantelliceras picteti and Scaphites spp. The present ammonites are well known from the western Neo-Tethys (Europe, North Africa, Middle East) and the eastern Neo-Tethys (Africa, Madagascar and India) in addition to other areas of the world.

24/05/2025

Silurian Pyrophyllite Clay from Ougarta (Saoura—SW Algeria): Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Conditions of Formation

AUTEURS
Ahmed Abderrahmane Semchaoui (Université de Khemis Miliana, Algérie)
Tarek Zerrouki (Université de Khemis Miliana, Algérie)
Abdelhafid Afalfiz (USTHB Alger, Algérie)

R***E
Lithology and Mineral Resources
Volume 60 ; pp. 212–239
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0024490224700858

RESUME
[en] Abstract
The formation of pyrophyllite is attributed to various geological phenomena. This mineral is found in various regions around the world and used in many industries. In the Ougarta. region (south western Algeria), pyrophyllite clays of Silurian age are widely exposed. This study to examine the petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of these clays to better understand their formation conditions. Petrographic analysis identified three distinct facies: gray to reddish clays, black clays and white level containing alunite. These results indicate that the clay is mainly composed of pyrophyllite, kaolinite, and illite, orthoclase, quartz, and iron oxides. The presence of alunite, suggests a hydrothermal origin. Rare earth elements (REE) concentrations are relatively low, ranging from 306.95 to 445.05 ppm. Light rare earth element (LREE) to heavy rare earth element (HREE) ratios indicate enrichment in LREE, with values ranging from 2.81 to 6.47. Most clay samples present low levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and thermally mature, indicating organic matter depletion and reflecting oxic rather than anoxic conditions. On the other hand, the black facies are considered to be thermally immature source rocks, with very high TOC (16%). Based on geochemical data, the formation conditions of these clays are defined as continental deposits in a semi-arid climate. These conditions were initially influenced by diagenesis and later by hydrothermal activity, with the sediments source rock being felsic to intermediate in composition.

24/05/2025

Tectonic style and evolution of the South Atlas Front (Western Saharan Atlas, Beni Ounif, Algeria): Insights from field investigation, geological mapping and structural analysis

AUTEURS
Rabah Djeddi (USTHB Alger, Algérie ; ASGA Alger, Algérie)
Abdellah Bettahar (USTHB Alger, Algérie)
Ahmed Serkhane (USTHB Alger, Algérie ; ASGA Alger, Algérie)
Sabrina Rezzig (ASGA Alger, Algérie)

R***E
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Sous presse ; article n° 105702
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464343X25001694

RESUME
[en] Abstract
The Atlas Mountains constitute a fold-thrust belt resulting from the inversion of a rifted basin that developed in the southern margin of the Tethys. The closure of this basin remains a matter of debate, especially in terms of tectonic regime and structural style, whether it is characterized by thin-skinned or thick-skinned tectonics. The compression regime and oblique tectonics resulting from tectonic inversion have been subjects of discussion. Moreover, in the High Atlas, exhumation and salt tectonics have been a point of emphasis. A field study, accompanied by detailed geologic mapping and structural analysis of South Atlas Front (SAF), aimed to highlight the geodynamic evolution of the southwestern part of the Atlas. The findings, presented through cross-sections and results, demonstrate the presence of both transpressive and compressive regimes. The integration of salt tectonics and the development of mini basins between ridges created from salt migration and diapir rise above the normal fault related to rifting episodes has been interpreted. The transpression is characterized by dextral strike-slip faulting of the South Atlas Front. The compressional tectonic regime is marked by a major north-east transverse sinistral strike-slip fault and the development of thrust and back-thrust systems in the South Atlas Front. This structural architecture of the SAF is governed by a thick-skinned tectonic style (deep seated basement faults) with salt tectonic activity since Early Jurassic.

15/05/2025

Lower detrital and intermediate marine series of Oued Rhiou (Lower Chelif Basin, Algeria): biostratigraphic calibration, paleoenvironment dynamics and climate near the Burdigalian-Langhian boundary

AUTEURS
Ayoub Belkhir (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)
Mostefa Bessedik (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)
Mohamed El Habib Mansouri (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)
Walid Zache (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)
Asma Atik (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)
Mohamed Amine Doukani (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)
Lahcene Belkebir (Université d'Oran 2, Algérie)

R***E
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Sous presse ; article n° 105682
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464343X25001499

RESUME
[en] Abstract
Early and Middle Miocene microfossil-rich sediments have allowed better biostratigraphy of the Oued Rhiou geological series (southern margin of Lower Chelif Basin). Calibration between Calcareous nannoplankton (Helicosphaera ampliaperta, Sphenolithus heteromorphus) and Planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinoides trilobus, Gs. sicanus without Praeorbulina) biozone markers of the Oued Taberket and Sidi El Rhorb sections corresponds to the latest Burdigalian. The Oued Boutelis Langhian age is based upon Globorotalia siakensis, Praeorbulina glomerosa curva and P. glomerosa glomerosa, associated with S. heteromorphus, H. ampliaperta and ostracods. Through successive biozones (upper N9/NN4 to lower N10), this last section reaches late Langhian, which includes the Burdigalian-Langhian boundary (biozones N8/NN4). This boundary correlates well with the generally accepted one (15.974 Ma). A large subsidence furrow in the SW piedmont of the Ouarsenis is responsible for this sedimentation. The process of its filling during the latest Burdigalian to Late Langhian is characterized by transgressive-regressive sequences correlated with the fluctuations of the eustatic cycles TB2.3 and TB2.4. These illustrate three marine sedimentation phases separated by two discontinuities: intra-latest Burdigalian and Burdigalian-Langhian boundary. The first (deep) phase tends towards a coastal detritic environment, the second being coastal sub- to mid-littoral high-energy detritic, illustrating a clear eustatic and tectonic evolution, evidence of significant subsidence. A hyperpycnal delta initiated the third phase, evolving gradually into a deep environment. The characteristics of the paleontological environment indicate warm climatic conditions during the latest Burdigalian to Langhian in the northern Algerian basins, admitting mangroves on the coasts. These thermal conditions suggest the same characteristics of the mid-Miocene climatic optimum.

HIGHLIGHTS
• New biostratigraphic records on the Burdigalian and the Langhian ages
• Pyroclasts, their spatial extension and calibrated age
• Geometric and biostratigraphic datas related to the Burdigalian-Langhian boundary
• Biosedimentary supplies and reconstructing of the paleoenvironmental dynamics
• Deep furrow on the NW Ouarsenis piedmont
• Climatic features near the Burdigalian and Langhian age

13/05/2025

Toutes mes félicitations à mon amie Adila Kherchouche qui a soutenu avant hier, le 11 mai 2025, sa thèse de doctorat à l'Université de Batna 2.
La thèse est intitulée : Tectono-sedimentary Study of Santonian-Campanian of Beni Fedhala Syncline (Aurès-Saharan Atlas).

13/05/2025

"Health risk assessment of potentially hazardous elements in mining wastes from Barite deposit (Boucaïd, western Algeria)

AUTEURS
Khouloud Senouci (Université d'Annaba, Algérie)
Mohamed Bounouala (Université d'Annaba, Algérie)
Bilal Boumaza (Université de Boumerdes, Algérie)
Ahmet Sasmaz (Firat University, Turquie)
Sami Yahyaoui (ENP Alger, Algérie)
RamyaPriya Ramesh (CWPRS Khadakwasla, Inde)
Rabah Kechiched (Université de Ouargla, Algérie)

R***E
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( I.F. = 12.2 ; C.S. = 25.4)
Sous presse ; article numéro 138558
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389425014748

RESUME
[en] Abstract
Barite-Lead-Zinc tailings pose environmental risks due to Potentially Hazardous Elements (PHEs). This study monitored PHE concentrations in the Boucaïd Ba-(Pb-Zn) mine, Algeria, and assessed related health risks. Various samples (raw rock, commercial products, and waste materials) were analyzed using SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, XRF, and ICP-MS, with multivariate statistics and Monte Carlo simulations for elemental correlation and risk assessment.

Results
showed a shared mineralogical composition of sphalerite, barite, dolomite, quartz, and calcite. BaO levels ranged from 4.33 to 45.15 wt% in all samples, with higher concentrations in finer particles, sludge, and dust (average 21.43, 37.82, and 39.51 wt%, respectively). Cyclone (dust) and classifier (sludge) waste had lower PHE concentrations, but finer fractions (f1 for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic elements, particularly Sb, Zn, Cd, Fe, As, and Pb in children and As and Pb in adults. Lifetime cancer risk (LCR) values for As, Cd, Ni, and Pb exceeded US EPA thresholds, with children facing the highest risks. Probabilistic simulations confirmed significant carcinogenic risks, underscoring the need for urgent

HIGHLIGHTS
• We monitor PHEs through processing chain and wastes from Pb-Zn (Ba) ores in Boucaïd
• PHEs concentrations in waste increase as their size decreases.
• Potentially hazardous elements are often correlated, indicating mineral phase associations.
• Cd, As and Pb possesses higher potential carcinogenic risk for adults and children.

Le Géologue Algérien

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