10/07/2025
The River Mersey is our “lifeblood”, as metro mayor Steve Rotheram is fond of saying. At the height of British imperial power, it helped make Liverpool an international trading port – the famed “second city” of the Empire – and Birkenhead an important shipbuilding hub.
But like a thriving Victorian tycoon gone sclerotic on too much Madeira and rich cheese, this main artery between Stockport and the Irish Sea became clogged with pollution. By the 1970s, our spiritual predecessors at the Liverpool Daily Post estimated the cost of cleaning up the river to make it swimmable for man or fish at £100 million. The following decade, Michael Heseltine, Margaret Thatcher’s environment minister, was told £2 billion was a more likely figure.
These eye-watering numbers turned out to be optimistic. Over 25 years, United Utilities and their predecessors North West Water say they spent around £8 billion between them. But the Mersey Basin Campaign, as the project to nurse the river back to health came to be known, was seemingly a success. Last year, Mike Duddy of the Mersey Rivers Trust called the Mersey’s comeback “the greatest river recovery in Europe,” now home to multiple species of fish, birds, and aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals.
But further developments have disrupted the flow of this triumphal narrative. Last year, a study from Durham University suggested that sewage pollution levels in the Mersey Estuary are at 1980s levels. One expert said the river was still “a hot spot for sewage dumping” and “a threat to public health”.
Liverpool’s world-famous river is synonymous with the city and wider region. It lent its name to everything from cultural movements like Merseybeat to institutions we take for granted such as Merseytravel – not to mention the name of our ceremonial county itself. So just what is happening beneath its surface?
For the latest edition of Answers in The Post, Laurence speaks to experts and public bodies to get to the bottom – or riverbed – of the story.
It was meant to be “the greatest river recovery in Europe”, but experts maintain it’s still a threat to public health