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Shipping Container Lines
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Below is a list of major lines, with links to their website. We also have a handy section on shipping container terminology. AMERICAN PRESIDENT LINES (APL Limited)

ATLANTIC CONTAINER LINE

AURORA TANKERS

BARBER SHIP MANAGEMENT

CANADA STEAMSHIP LINES

CENTRAL GULF LINES

CHILEAN LINE (CCNI)

CHINA OCEAN SHIPPING CO. (COSCO)

CHINA SHIPPING CONTAINER LINES

CMA CGM

CP SHIPS

CROWLEY MARINE

CROWLEY LINER SERVICES

CSAV/COMPANIA SUD AMERICA de VAPORES

DIRECT CONTAINER LINE (DCL)

DOCKWISE (Heavy Lift Ships)

DOLE OCEAN LINER EXPRESS

EASTERN CAR LINER, LTD. EVERGREEN AMERICA CORPORATION

FESCO

FOREST LINES

GEARBULK

GREAT WHITE FLEET, LTD.(Chiquita Brands)

HANJIN SHIPPING CO. HAMBURG SUD LINE

HAPAG-LLOYD

HOEGH LINE

HOEGH AUTOLINERS (HUAL)

HORIZON LINES (formerly CSX Lines)

HYDE SHIPPING CORPORATION

HYUNDAI MERCHANT MARINE, INC. INDOTRANS PACIFIC (SWIRE SHIPPING GROUP)

J. POULSON SHIPPING

JO TANKERS

"K"-LINE AMERICA, INC. LAURITZENCOOL REEFER LINES

MAERSK LINE

MARINE TRANSPORT CORP. MARINE CHARTERING CO. INC (MCCI)

MATSON NAVIGATION CO., INC. MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING CO. MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND

MITSUI-OSK LINES INC. MOL (AMERICA)

NAVIERA CHILENA DEL PACIFICO

NEPTUNE ORIENT LINE

NORASIA LINE

NORDANA LINE AS

NORSK PACIFIC SS. CO LTD. NYK LINE (NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA)

ODFJELL TANDERS

OMI CORP. OOCL-ORIENT OVERSEAS CONTAINER LINE (USA) INC. PAN OCEAN SHIPPING CO., LTD. POLAR TANKERS

POLYNESIA LINE

SAGA FOREST CARRIERS

SANKO LINE

SEABOARD MARINE

SEARIVER MARITIME

SEASPAN INTERNATIONAL

SENATOR LINES

SHELL SHIPPING

SINOTRANS (HK) SHIPPING

SKAARUP GROUP SHIPPING

STAR SHIPPING--302 W. 5th St., Ste. 101, San Pedro, CA 90731-2700, Tel: 562-485-6067

SUNMAR SHIPPING

TEEKAY SHIPPING

TMM - TRANSPORTACION MARITIMA MEXICANA, SA de CV(TMM)

TORM LINES

TOYOFUJI LINE

TROPICAL SHIPPING

U.S. LINES (USL)

WALLENIUS WILHELMSEN LINE

WATERMAN STEAMSHIP CORPORATION

WESTERN BULK CARRIERS

WESTWOOD SHIPPING

YANG MING MARINE LINE

ZIM AMERICAN INTEGRATED SHIPPING SERVICES

Below is a list of shipping container terminology, in alphabetical order

ABI - U.S. Customs’ "Automated Broker Interface," by which brokers file importers’ entries electronically. ABOARD - Referring to cargo being put, or laden, onto a means of conveyance

ACQUIESCENCE - When a bill of lading is accepted or signed by a shipper or shipper’s agent without protest, the shipper is said to acquiesce to the terms, giving a silent form of consent. AD VALOREM DUTY - Duty expressed as a percentage based on the customs value of the goods, eg 10 per cent ad valorem means that the duty payable is 10 per cent of the customs value of the goods. ADDENDUM - Clause or set of clauses attached to a charter party and incorporated into it. AFFREIGHTMENT - The hiring of a vessel. A contract of affreightment may be simply a contract for the hire of a vessel. AGENCY TARIFF - A tariff published by an agent on behalf of several carriers. AGENT - Ship’s agent. Person who looks after the interests of a vessel when it is in port. Their duties include arranging pilotage, towage and berths for a ship, signing the bills of lading and collecting freight. The agent is paid a fee, agreed in advance
with the shipowner. AEO – Authorised Economic Operator. Can be forwarder or carrier. An EU-wide initiative that recognises standards of security and systems audit in return for simplified customs treatment at borders. In the interests of security, AEOs will supply electronic pre-arrival and pre-departure messages electronically. AIS – Automatic Identification System. Preceded by Ecpins – Electronic Chart and Precise Integrated Navigation System. ALLISION - The act if striking or collision of a moving vessel against a stationary object. ALONGSIDE - A phrase referring to the side of a ship. Goods delivered "alongside" are to be placed on the dock or barge within reach of the transport ship’s tackle so that they can be loaded. ARBITRATION - Method of settling disputes which is usually binding on parties. A clause usually in a charter party. ARRIVAL NOTICE - A notification by carrier of ship’s arrival to the consignee, the "Notify Party," and - when

APPLICABLE - the "Also Notify Party." These parties in interest are listed in blocks 3, 4 and 10, respectively, of the Bill of Lading. BACKFREIGHT - The owners of a ship are entitled to payment as freight for merchandise returned through the fault of either the consignees or the consignors. Such payment, which is over and above the normal freight, is called backfreight. BACKHAUL - A deviation to move cargo on the return leg of a voyage for the purpose of minimising ballast mileage and thereby reducing transportation costs

BEAM - Maximum breadth of a ship. Sometimes a factor in determining whether a ship is suitable for a particular port and, consequently if she is suitable to be employed on a particular voyage. BERTH - Place alongside a quay where a ship loads or discharges cargo. Also often used to mean places alongside a quay, each of which is capable of accommodating only one ship at a time. BERTH CARGO - When a liner cargo vessel accepts extra cargo to fill up the empty space remaining

BENDS - Both ends. BILL OF LADING (B/L) - A document that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a transportation company. It serves as a document of title, a contract of carriage and a receipt for goods.
- Amended B/L: B/L requiring updates that do not change financial status; this is slightly different from corrected B/L.
- B/L Terms & Conditions: the fine print on B/L; defines what the carrier can and cannot do, including the carrier’s liabilities and contractual agreements.
- B/L’s Status: represents whether the bill of lading has been input, rated, reconciled, printed, or released to the customer.
- B/L’s Type: refers to the type of B/L being issued. Some examples are: a Memo (ME), Original (OBL), Non negotiable, Corrected (CBL) or Amended (AM) B/L.
- Canceled B/L: B/L status; used to cancel a processed B/L; usually per shipper’s request; different from voided B/L.
- Clean B/L: A B/L which bears no superimposed clause or notation which declares a defective condition of the goods and/or the packaging.
- Combined B/L: B/L that covers cargo moving over various transports.
- Consolidated B/L: B/L combined or consolidated from two or more B/L’s.
- Corrected B/L: B/L requiring any update which results in money or other financially related changes.
- Domestic B/L: Non-negotiable B/L primarily containing routing details; usually used by truckers and freight forwarders.
- Duplicate B/L: Another original Bill of Lading set if first set is lost. also known as reissued B/L.
- Express B/L: Non-negotiable B/L where there are no hard copies of originals printed.
- Freight B/L: A contract of carriage between a shipper and forwarder (who is usually a NVOCC); a non-negotiable document.
- Government B/L (GBL): A bill of lading issued by the U.S. government.
- Hitchment B/L: B/L covering parts of a shipment which are loaded at more than one location. Hitchment B/L usually consists of two parts, hitchment and hitchment memo. The hitchment portion usually covers the majority of a divided shipment and carries the entire revenue.
- House B/L: B/L issued by a freight forwarder or consolidator covering a single shipment containing the names, addresses and specific description of the goods shipped.
- Intermodal B/L: B/L covering cargo moving via multimodal means. Also known as Combined Transport B/L, or Multimodal B/L.
- Long Form B/L: B/L form with all Terms & Conditions written on it. Most B/L’s are short form which incorporate the long form clauses by reference.
- Memo B/L: Unfreighted B/L with no charges listed.
- Military B/L: B/L issued by the U.S. military; also known as GBL, or Form DD1252.
- B/L Numbers: U.S. Customs’ standardized B/L numbering format to facilitate electronic communications and to make each B/L number unique.
- Negotiable B/L: The B/L is a title document to the goods, issued "to the order of" a party, usually the shipper, whose endorsement is required to effect is negotiation. Thus, a shipper’s order (negotiable) B/L can be bought, sold, or traded while goods are in transit and is commonly used for letter-of-credit transactions. The buyer must submit the original B/L to the carrier in order to take possession of the goods.
- Non-Negotiable B/L: See Straight B/L. Sometimes means a file copy of a B/L.
- "Onboard" B/L: B/L validated at the time of loading to transport. Onboard Air, Boxcar, Container, Rail, Truck and Vessel are the most common types.
- Optional Discharge B/L: B/L covering cargo with more than one discharge point option possibility.
- "Order" B/L: See Negotiable B/L.
- Original B/L: The part of the B/L set that has value, especially when negotiable; rest of set are only informational file copies. Abbreviated as OBL.
- Received for Shipment B/L: Validated at time cargo is received by ocean carrier to commence movement but before being validated as "Onboard".
- Reconciled B/L: B/L set which has completed a prescribed number of edits between the shippers instructions and the actual shipment received. This produces a very accurate B/L.
- Short Term B/L: Opposite of Long Form B/L, a B/L without the Terms & Conditions written on it. Also known as a Short Form B/L. The terms are incorporated by reference to the long form B/L.
- Split B/L: One of two or more B/L’s which have been split from a single B/L.
- Stale B/L: A late B/L; in banking, a B/L which has passed the time deadline of the L/C and is void.
- Straight (Consignment) B/L: Indicates the shipper will deliver the goods to the consignee. It does not convey title (non-negotiable). Most often used when the goods have been pre-paid.
- "To Order" B/L: See Negotiable B/L.
- Unique B/L Identifier: U.S. Customs’ standardization: four-alpha code unique to each carrier placed in front of nine digit B/L number; APL’s unique B/L Identifier is "APLU". Sea-land uses "SEAU". These prefixes are also used as the container identification.
- Voided B/L: Related to Consolidated B/L; those B/L’s absorbed in the combining process. Different from Canceled B/L. BILL OF SALE - Confirms the transfer of ownership of certain goods to another person in return for money paid or loaned. BILL TO PARTY - Customer designated as party paying for services. BONDED WAREHOUSE - A warehouse authorized by Customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed. BORDER INSPECTION POST (BIP) - Control point at the place of importation into the European Union (EU) where products of animal origin (POAO) and live animals are subject to the veterinary checks regime. BREAKBULK CARGO - Cargo lifted on and off ships one piece or bundle at a time using cranes, as opposed to cargo shipped on trailers or in containers. BRITISH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (BCC) - An organisation comprising a national network of local chambers of commerce spread throughout the UK. There are also a number of British chambers of commerce in other countries. Chambers of commerce provide a range of business services for members. BRITISH INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT ASSOCIATION (BIFA) - The UK trade body, training institute and trading standards body for freight forwarders. BS/L - Bills of lading

BT - Berth terms

BTN - Brussels Tariff Nomenclature

CABOTAGE - Transport of goods between two ports or places located in the same country, often restricted to domestic carriers. CAD - cash against documents

CAF - currency adjustment factor. As for BAF except concerned with exchange rates

CARGO COMMUNITY SYSTEM (CCS-UK) - The computerised cargo processing system that controls goods in an inventory linked environment. These systems are provided in the UK by Community Service providers (CSPs). They consists of a central database and a "switch" to transfer messages between the various computer systems connected to it, in particular HM Cuustoms & Excise CHIEF. CCS - A term based on IATA’s design specification for community systems. CCS-UK relates only to airfreight.) In the ports, the service is mainly provided by CSPs, MCP and CNS, except in Dover, where the port has its own system. CARGO HANDLING - The act of loading and discharging a cargo ship. CARGO MANIFEST - A manifest that lists all cargo carried on a specific vessel voyage. CARGO NOS - Cargo Not Otherwise Specified. Usually the rate entry in a tariff that can apply to commodities not covered under a specific item or sub item in the applicable tariff. CARGO PLAN - A plan giving the quantities and description of the various grades carried in the ship’s cargo tanks, after the loading is completed. CARGO PREFERENCE - Reserving a portion of a nation’s imports and exports to national-flag vessels. CARGO RETENTION CLAUSES - Clauses introduced by charterers based on shortage of delivered cargo because of increased oil prices. CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT - A law enacted in 1936 covering the transportation of merchandise by sea to or from ports of the United States and in foreign trades. CARRIERS - Owners or operators of vessels providing transportation to shippers. The term is also used to refer to the vessels. CBR - Commodity box rate

CHARTER PARTY - A written contract between the owner of a vessel and the person desiring to employ the vessel (charterer); sets forth the terms of the arrangement such as duration of agreement, freight rate and ports involved in the trip. CHARTERER - The person to whom is given the use of the whole of the carrying capacity of a ship for the transportation of cargo or passengers to a stated port for a specified time. CHARTER RATES - The tariff applied for chartering tonnage in a particular trade. CHARTER PARTY - A contractual agreement between a ship owner and a cargo owner, usually arranged by a broker, whereby a ship is chartered (hired) either for one voyage or a period of time. CHOPT - In charterers’ option

CHIEF – the central processor of HM Revenue & Customs in the UK, into which all declaratioins are channelled, usually via port-based CSPs. CIF - Cost, insurance and freight. Delivery of goods is the seller’s responsibility to the port of discharge. The freight is paid for by the supplier of goods. CIFC - Cost, Insurance and commission

CIFFO - Cost, insurance and freight free out

CIM - International convention on the carriage of goods by rail

CIP - Calling-in-point

CLC - Civil Liability Convention

CLEAN BILL OF LADING - A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were received in "apparent good order and condition," without damage or other irregularities. If no notation or exception is made, the B/L is assumed to be "cleaned." CMI - Comite Maritime International

CMR - Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by road

COA - Contract of affreightment

CODE OF LINER CONDUCT (UNCTAD) - A convention drafted under the auspices of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development which provides that all shipping traffic between two foreign countries is to be regulated as far as the quantities of shipments are concerned on the following percentages -- 40% for owners of the country of origin, 40% for owners of country of destination, and 20% for owners of the country which is neither the origin nor the destination. COFC - Container on flatcar

COGSA - Carriage of Goods by Sea

COMMON CARRIER - Holds himself out for hire to the general public. Must post rates and cannot discriminate against customers whose cargo he is equipped to carry. CONFERENCE - An affiliation of shipowners operating over the same route(s) who agree to charge uniform rates and other terms of carriage. A conference is "closed" if one can enter only by the consent of existing members of the conference. It is "open" if anyone can enter by meeting certain technical and financial standards. Conference members are common carriers. CONGESTIONS - Port/berth delays

CONSIGNEE - The person to whom cargo is consigned as stated on the bills of lading. CONSIGNOR - The person named in the bill of lading as the one from whom the goods have been received for shipment. CONSOLIDATOR – one who groups individual consignments (LCL /groupage) into a full unit

CONTAINER - A large rectangular or square steel container/box of a into which cargo is loaded and transported. It opens from one side to allow cargo to be stacked and stowed into it. CONTAINER MANIFEST - Document showing contents and loading sequence of a container. CONTAINER POOL - An agreement between parties that allows the efficient use and supply of containers. A common supply of containers available to the shipper as required. CONTAINER SHIP - Vessel carrying general cargo including high-value cargo in containers (boxes) some of which may be refrigerated

CONTAINER TERMINAL - An area designated for the stowage of cargoes in container; usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine transportation. Here containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained and housed. CONTAINER YARD (CY) - A materials handling/storage facility used for completely unitized loads in containers and/or empty containers. Commonly referred to as CY. COA - contract of affreightment. An agreement to transport a defined amount of cargo at an agreed freight rate, with the shipowner choosing the ship. No need to spell out. COP - Custom of the port

COTIF - Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail

CSI - Container Security Initiative

C-TPAT - US Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism

CUSTOMS BONDED WAREHOUSE - A warehouse authorized by Customs to receive duty-free merchandise. CY - Container yard

DEMURRAGE - penalty imposed upon the charterer for voyages that exceed loading/discharging time allowed in accordance with the charterparty. DETENTION - A penalty charge against shippers or consignees for delaying carrier’s equipment beyond allowed time. Demurrage applies to cargo; detention applies to equipment. DISPONENT OWNER - the disponent owner is a lessee company which wholly operates a vessel, whose registered owner is a leasing or finance company. Generally the vessel is regarded as being part of the disponent owner’s fleet. EDI - Abbreviation for "Electronic Data Interchange." Generic term for transmission of transactional data between computer systems. EDI is typically via a batched transmission, usually conforming to consistent standards* such as Edifact (below). EDIFACT - International data interchange standards sponsored by the United Nations. ENTRY - A customs form used for the clearance of ships or merchandise. ERTS – Enhanced Remote Transit Shed. Operated privately by freight forwarders but approved by HM Customs & Revenue (UK) for receipt of cargoes for temporary storage until they are processed under another customs procedure. ETA - Estimated time of arrival

ETC - Estimated time of completion

ETD - Estimated time of departure

ETR - Estimated time of readiness

ETS - Estimated time of sailing

FACILITY SECURITY CODE - Universally abbreviated to ISPS. FAK - Freight all kinds. Refers to a freight rate for the container, regardless of the category of goods moved (as opposed to a commodity tariff). FAS - Free alongside or free alongside ship

F&CC - Full and complete cargo

FCL- Abbreviation for "Full Container Load." FD&D - Freight, demurrage and defence

FEEDER SERVICE - Cargo to/from regional ports are transferred to/from a central hub port for a long-haul ocean voyage. FEEDER VESSEL - A short-sea vessel which transfers cargo between a central "hub" port and smaller "spoke" ports. FEU - forty foot equivalent unit (container term). FIATA – International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations

FILO - Free in liner out

FILTD - Free in liner terms discharge

FIO - Free in and out. FIOLS&D - Freein and out, lashed, secured and dunnaged

FIOS - Free in and out, stowed

FIOST - Free in and out, stowed and trimmed

FIOT - Free in and out, trimmed

FMC (F.M.C.) - Federal Maritime Commission. The U.S. Governmental regulatory body responsible for administering maritime affairs including the tariff system, Freight Forwarder Licensing, enforcing the conditions of the Shipping Act and approving conference or other carrier agreements. FOB - free on board. Cost of the delivery of goods is the seller’s responsibility only up to the port of loading. The freight is paid for by the buyer of the goods. All lower case, no need to spell out. FORCE MAJEURE - The title of a common clause in contracts, exempting the parties for non-fulfillment of their obligations as a result of conditions beyond their control, such as earthquakes, floods or war. FOREIGN TRADE ZONE - A free port in a country divorced from Customs authority but under government control. Merchandise, except that which is prohibited, may be stored in the zone without being subject to import duty regulations. FOUL BILL OF LADING - A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were damaged when received. Compare Clean Bill of Lading. FOQ - Free on quay

FOR - Free on rail

FOS - Free oil surcharge

FOT - Free on truck

FOW - First open water

FPT - Fore peak tank

FREE PRATIQUE - Clearance by the Health Authorities

FREE TRADE ZONE - A port designated by the government of a country for duty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandise may be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, etc., within the zone and re-exported without duties. FREIGHT - Money payable on delivery of cargo in a mercantile condition. FREIGHT FORWARDER – Historically arranges shipments for customers usually in break bulk and did not actually carry the cargo or conduct business for the ship. However, forwarders increasingly act as the carrier rarther than agent, buying space with shipping lines in their own right offering a door-to-door service spanning covered under FIATA’s Multimodal Transport Bil of Lading

FREIGHT RATE - The charge made for the transportation of freight. FROB - Freight remaining on board

FRT - Freight

GROUPAGE - one of a number of consignments that make up a unit load i.e. LCL in containers (consolidation) or trailer groupage (road). HAGUE RULES - Code of minimum conditions for the carriage of cargo under a bill of lading

HARBOUR DUES - Various local charges against all seagoing vessels entering a harbour, to cover maintenance of channel depths, buoys, lights, etc. ICC - International chamber of commerce

ICD - Inland container depot. Also used to denote an Inland Clearance Depot, where goods can be processed inland under customs control. IMO - International Maritime Organization - established in 1958 through the United Nations to coordinate international maritime safety and related practices. INCOTERMS – an exporter’s selling terms (13 in all) defining the points at which buyers and sellers transfer their responsibility for transport and ancilliary charges at various points in the movement. The term of least responsibility on the part of the exporter (seller) would br ex-works (EXW) – the buyer collects. That with the greatest responsibility is DDP (delivered duty paid). INTRACOASTAL - Domestic shipping routes along a single coast. ISPS - Entering into force in July 2004, the ISPS Code was the IMO’s legislative response to the increased threat of terrorism faced by shipping and ports. Its full name is the International Ship and Port

IWT - Inland water transport or inland waterways transport

JIT - Abbreviation for "Just In Time." In this method of inventory control, warehousing is minimal or non existent; the container is the movable warehouse and must arrive "just in time;" not too early nor too late. LCL - Less than container load

LESS THAN CONTAINER LOAD - A consignment of cargo which is inefficient to fill a shipping container. It is grouped with other consignments for the same destination in a container at a container freight station. LOI - Letter of indemnity

LO-LO - Abbreviated form for the lift-on, lift-off system of loading and discharging; normally said of shipping containers, whereby cargo is lifted on and off a ship by cranes. LUMPSUM FREIGHT - Money paid to shipper for charter of a ship (or portion) up to stated limit irrespective of quantity of cargo

MANIFEST - A document containing a full list of the ship’s cargo, extracted from the bills of lading. MERCHANT HAULAGE - is where a shipping line customer (shipper or forwarder) organises their own haulage of containers to/from the carrier’s facility

MULTIPURPOSE SHIP - Any ship capable of carrying different types of cargo which require different methods of handling. There are several types of ships falling into this category, for example, ships which can carry roll on/roll off cargo together with containers

NON-CONFERENCE LINE - A shipping line which operates on a route served by a liner conference but which is not a member of that conference. NOR - Notice of readiness. Notice to charter, shipper, receiver or other person that the vessel has arrived at the port or berth and is ready to load or discharge. NVO - Non-vessel owning carrier

NVOC - Non-vessel owning carrier

NVOCC - Non-vessel operating common carrier. OCEAN WAYBILL - A document, issued by a shipping line to a shipper which serves as a receipt for the goods and evidence of the contract carriage. PORT CIP - Contracts with berth CIP. NOR can be given when within commercial limits of the port

PSCO - Port State Control Officer

PSS - Port Security Surcharge

REEFER - Refrigerator ship; a vessel designed to carry goods requiring refrigeration, such as meat and fruit. A reefer ship has insulated holds into which cold air is passed at the temperature appropriate to the goods being carried. REEFER BOX - An insulated shipping container designed to carry cargoes requiring temperature control. It is fitted with a refrigeration unit which is connected to the carrying ship’s electrical power supply. RETURN CARGO - A cargo which enables a ship to return loaded to the port or area where her previous cargo was loaded. REVERSIBLE-TIME - Option for charterers to add together time allowed for loading & discharging relative to terms of a particular charter party

RMG or RMGC - Rail-mounted gantry crane

RMQC - Rail-mounted quay crane

ROB - Remaining on board

ROLLING CARGO - Cargo which is on wheels, such as truck or trailers, and which can be driven or towed on to a ship. RO/RO SHIP - Freight ship or ferry with facilities for vehicles to drive on and off (roll-on roll-off); a system of loading and discharging a ship whereby the cargo is driven on and off on ramps. Equipped with large openings at bow and stern and sometimes also in the side, the ship permits rapid loading and discharge with hydraulically operated ramps providing easy access. Fully loaded trucks or trailers carrying containers are accommodated on the deck. S - Summer

SAD – Single Administrative Document. The prime document for entering customs declarations in Europe on non-EU goods, currently being updated as Harmonised SAD (SAD-H)

SELF-SUSTAINING SHIP- A containership which has her own crane for loading and discharging shipping containers enabling the ship to serve ports which do not have suitable lifting equipment. SELF-TRIMMING SHIP - A ship whose holds are shaped in such a way that the cargo levels itself. SHIPPER - A shipper is a person or company in the business of sending cargo, not running ships. SLT - Side-loading trailer

SOC - Shipper’s own container

TACA - Transatlantic Conference Agreement, a rate-setting body in the container trade. TEU - Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (containers): A measurement of cargo-carrying capacity on a containership, referring to a common container size of 20 ft in length. THC - Terminal handling charge

TONNAGE - A quantity of cargo normally expressed as a number of tons. TRADING LIMITS - Maritime area usually specified by range of ports in which a vessel may operate

UNCLOS - UN Convention on Law of the Sea

UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UU - Unless used

VAT - Value Added Tax

V/C - Voyage charter

VOCC - Vessel operating common carrier or vessel owning common carrier. Generally used to distinguish such carriers from NVOCCs

VOY - Voyage

VSA - Vessel sharing agreement

W (1) - Weight

W (2) - Winter

WEATHER PERMITTING - That time during which weather that prevents working shall not count as laytime

WEATHER WORKING DAY - A working day or part of a working day during which it is or if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would be possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. WEF - With effect from weighing anchor is the process of lifting an anchor off the sea bottom after being anchored. Nothing to do with waiting or weighting. WIBON - Whether in berth or not

WIFPON - Whether in free pratique or not

WIPON - Whether in port or not

W/M - Weight or measure

WNA - Winter North Atlantic

WOG - Without guarantee

WP - Weather permitting

WRIC - Wire rod in coil

WTS - Working time saved

WW - Weather working

WWD - Weather working day

WWR - When where ready

WWRCD - When where ready on completion of discharge

https://www.elektroindonesia.com/elektro/ut25.html

21/05/2025

Skripsi: Dampak Kebijakan Tarif Perdagangan Baru Amerika Serikat terhadap PT. Trans Tiomajaya dalam Bidang Usaha Depo/Penitipan Container dan Modifikasi Container di Jalan Raya Cakung Cilincing Kav. 62 No. 11, Jakarta UtaraAbstrakPenelitian ini menganalisis dampak kebijakan tarif perdagangan Amerika Serikat (AS) sebesar 32% yang diberlakukan pada April 2025 terhadap PT. Trans Tiomajaya, sebuah perusahaan depo dan modifikasi kontainer di Jakarta Utara. Kebijakan ini menyebabkan penurunan 15% volume ekspor tekstil Indonesia ke AS pada Q1 2025, yang berdampak pada penurunan utilisasi depo kontainer sebesar 20% dan profitabilitas sebesar 12% akibat kenaikan biaya logistik dan persaingan dengan produk impor China. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus menggunakan analisis tematik, didukung data primer dari 10 wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumen internal perusahaan, serta data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Landasan teori meliputi proteksionisme (Krugman, 2022) dan dependensi (Stiglitz, 2023). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tekanan biaya logistik, penurunan volume kontainer, dan ancaman produk impor China. Rekomendasi strategis mencakup diversifikasi pasar ekspor ke negara ASEAN dan BRICS, investasi teknologi Internet of Things (IoT), pelatihan SDM, dan kolaborasi dengan pelabuhan regional untuk meningkatkan daya saing.Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Tarif AS, PT. Trans Tiomajaya, Depo Kontainer, Ekspor Tekstil, Proteksionisme, RCEP.Bab I: Pendahuluan1.1 Latar BelakangPelabuhan Tanjung Priok, sebagai pusat logistik nasional yang menangani 70% arus kontainer Indonesia (BPS, 2024), menjadi tulang punggung operasional PT. Trans Tiomajaya, sebuah perusahaan depo dan modifikasi kontainer yang berlokasi di Jalan Raya Cakung Cilincing Kav. 62 No. 11, Jakarta Utara. Kebijakan tarif perdagangan AS sebesar 32% yang diberlakukan pada April 2025 mengancam sektor ekspor Indonesia, khususnya tekstil, alas kaki, dan elektronik, yang menyumbang US$2,35 miliar atau 9,7% total ekspor nonmigas Indonesia ke AS pada 2024 (BPS, 2024). Sektor tekstil dan alas kaki, yang bergantung pada pasar AS hingga 62% untuk ekspor alas kaki (Kementerian Perdagangan, 2024), menghadapi penurunan daya saing akibat kenaikan harga akibat tarif, ditambah struktur biaya produksi yang tinggi di Indonesia.Kebijakan ini tidak hanya memengaruhi Indonesia tetapi juga negara-negara lain seperti Vietnam dan India. Vietnam tetap kompetitif berkat insentif pajak dan integrasi rantai pasok ASEAN (Nguyen et al., 2023), sementara India menghadapi tantangan serupa dengan Indonesia akibat ketergantungan pada pasar AS. Bagi PT. Trans Tiomajaya, penurunan volume ekspor tekstil menyebabkan penurunan permintaan layanan depo kontainer, diperparah oleh gangguan operasional seperti insiden JICT 2022 yang menyebabkan penumpukan kontainer dan kenaikan biaya demurrage. Selain itu, banjir produk tekstil China yang terhambat di AS dan dialihkan ke pasar domestik Indonesia meningkatkan tekanan kompetitif.Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami dampak kebijakan tarif AS terhadap operasional PT. Trans Tiomajaya dan merumuskan strategi adaptasi berbasis data lapangan dan teori perdagangan internasional.1.2 Rumusan MasalahBagaimana kebijakan tarif AS sebesar 32% memengaruhi volume kontainer dan operasional PT. Trans Tiomajaya?Apa dampak kenaikan biaya logistik terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan?Bagaimana PT. Trans Tiomajaya dapat beradaptasi menghadapi persaingan produk impor China dan penurunan ekspor ke AS?1.3 Tujuan PenelitianMenganalisis dampak kebijakan tarif AS terhadap volume kontainer dan operasional PT. Trans Tiomajaya.Mengevaluasi pengaruh kenaikan biaya logistik terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan.Merumuskan strategi adaptasi perusahaan untuk menghadapi persaingan produk impor China dan mempertahankan daya saing.1.4 Manfaat PenelitianTeoretis: Memperkaya literatur perdagangan internasional, khususnya dampak proteksionisme pada sektor logistik di negara berkembang.Praktis: Memberikan rekomendasi strategis bagi PT. Trans Tiomajaya dan pemangku kepentingan pelabuhan untuk menghadapi tantangan kebijakan tarif global.Bab II: Tinjauan Pustaka2.1 Teori Perdagangan InternasionalProteksionisme (Krugman, 2022): Kebijakan tarif AS bertujuan melindungi industri domestik, tetapi sering kali memicu distorsi pasar global, seperti penurunan volume perdagangan dan kenaikan biaya logistik (Krugman, 2022, Journal of International Economics).Keunggulan Komparatif (Ricardo, 1817; Porter, 1990): Indonesia kehilangan daya saing di pasar tekstil AS akibat kenaikan harga 32%, sementara Vietnam dan Kamboja tetap kompetitif karena biaya produksi rendah dan insentif pajak.Teori Dependensi (Stiglitz, 2023): Ketergantungan Indonesia pada ekspor ke AS (9,7% total ekspor 2024) meningkatkan kerentanan perusahaan logistik seperti PT. Trans Tiomajaya terhadap kebijakan proteksionisme (Stiglitz, 2023, Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited).2.2 Studi EmpirisDampak Tarif pada Logistik: Penelitian Nguyen et al. (2023) di Vietnam menunjukkan bahwa tarif AS sebesar 25% menyebabkan penurunan utilisasi gudang logistik sebesar 18% dan kenaikan biaya operasional sebesar 22% (Journal of International Logistics, 2023).Gangguan Pelabuhan: Insiden JICT 2022 menyebabkan penumpukan kontainer dan kenaikan biaya demurrage sebesar 30%, mengganggu rantai pasok tekstil Indonesia (Kompas, 2022).Persaingan dengan China: Banjir produk tekstil China di pasar domestik Indonesia pasca-tarif AS meningkatkan tekanan harga pada layanan depo kontainer (Kementerian Perdagangan, 2024).2.3 Kerangka KonseptualKebijakan tarif AS memengaruhi PT. Trans Tiomajaya melalui tiga dimensi:Volume Kontainer: Penurunan ekspor tekstil ke AS mengurangi permintaan layanan depo.Biaya Logistik: Kenaikan demurrage dan penundaan pengiriman menekan profitabilitas.Persaingan Pasar: Produk impor China mengurangi permintaan modifikasi kontainer ekspor.Bab III: Metodologi Penelitian3.1 Pendekatan PenelitianPenelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus untuk memahami dampak kebijakan tarif AS pada PT. Trans Tiomajaya. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena kemampuannya menangkap dinamika kompleks dalam konteks nyata (Yin, 2018).3.2 Teknik Pengumpulan DataWawancara Mendalam:Narasumber: 10 informan, termasuk Manajer Operasional PT. Trans Tiomajaya (3 orang), Ketua DPW ALFI DKI Jakarta (Adil Karim), perwakilan Kementerian Perdagangan (2 orang), dan otoritas Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok (4 orang).Durasi: 45–60 menit per wawancara, dilakukan pada Februari–Maret 2025.Pertanyaan Kunci: Dampak tarif AS, strategi adaptasi, dan tantangan operasional.Observasi Lapangan: Pengamatan langsung di depo PT. Trans Tiomajaya selama 2 minggu (Februari 2025) untuk memahami alur kerja dan utilisasi kontainer.Analisis Dokumen:Laporan keuangan PT. Trans Tiomajaya (2023–2025).Data ekspor BPS (2024).Kebijakan tarif AS (Perpres No. 2025/TRUMP-TARIFF).Laporan RCEP tentang simplifikasi kepabeanan.3.3 Teknik Analisis DataAnalisis Tematik: Data wawancara dikode menggunakan perangkat lunak NVivo 12 untuk mengidentifikasi tema utama, seperti “penurunan volume kontainer”, “kenaikan biaya logistik”, dan “strategi adaptasi”.Triangulasi Data: Kombinasi data primer (wawancara, observasi) dan sekunder (BPS, RCEP) untuk memastikan validitas.Analisis SWOT: Mengevaluasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman PT. Trans Tiomajaya untuk merumuskan strategi.3.4 Populasi dan SampelPopulasi: Pemangku kepentingan di sektor logistik Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok.Sampel: PT. Trans Tiomajaya sebagai kasus utama, dengan narasumber terpilih berdasarkan purposive sampling.Bab IV: Hasil dan Pembahasan4.1 Dampak Kebijakan Tarif ASPenurunan Volume Kontainer:Data internal PT. Trans Tiomajaya menunjukkan penurunan volume kontainer dari 10.500 unit (2024) menjadi 8.000 unit (Q1 2025), atau turun 20%, sejalan dengan penurunan 15% ekspor tekstil ke AS (BPS, 2025).Kutipan Wawancara: “Ekspor tekstil kami ke AS turun drastis sejak tarif 32% diberlakukan. Banyak klien beralih ke Vietnam” (Manajer Pemasaran, PT. Trans Tiomajaya, 2025).Kenaikan Biaya Logistik:Biaya demurrage di JICT naik 25% akibat penundaan pengiriman, dari Rp2 juta menjadi Rp2,5 juta per kontainer (JICT, 2025).Penurunan tarif penitipan kontainer dari Rp500.000/TEU menjadi Rp450.000/TEU untuk mempertahankan klien mengurangi profitabilitas sebesar 12%.Persaingan dengan Produk Impor China:Produk tekstil China yang terhambat di AS membanjiri pasar domestik Indonesia, menyebabkan penurunan permintaan modifikasi kontainer ekspor sebesar 10% (data observasi, 2025).Kutipan Wawancara: “Kami kesulitan bersaing dengan produk China yang lebih murah. Klien lebih memilih kontainer impor daripada ekspor” (Manajer Operasional, 2025).4.2 Strategi Adaptasi PT. Trans TiomajayaDiversifikasi Pasar:Perusahaan menjalin kemitraan dengan Malaysia dan Thailand melalui skema RCEP untuk ekspor produk pertanian, seperti ikan dan buah-buahan, yang meningkatkan utilisasi kontainer cold storage sebesar 5% (data internal, 2025).Investasi Teknologi:Implementasi sistem IoT dengan sensor suhu dan pelacakan real-time pada kontainer cold storage untuk mendukung ekspor ikan ke Jepang, mengurangi biaya operasional sebesar 8%.Efisiensi Operasional:Pelatihan SDM untuk optimalisasi alur kerja depo, mengurangi waktu turnaround kontainer dari 48 jam menjadi 36 jam.4.3 Analisis SWOTKekuatanKelemahanLokasi strategis dekat JICT (1 km)Ketergantungan pada ekspor tekstil ke ASInfrastruktur depo modernBiaya operasional tinggi akibat demurragePeluangAncamanEkspor produk pertanian via RCEPBanjir produk tekstil China murahKolaborasi dengan pelabuhan ASEANPenurunan daya saing akibat tarif ASBab V: Kesimpulan dan Rekomendasi5.1 KesimpulanKebijakan tarif AS sebesar 32% menyebabkan penurunan volume kontainer PT. Trans Tiomajaya sebesar 20% dan profitabilitas sebesar 12% akibat penurunan ekspor tekstil dan kenaikan biaya logistik.Persaingan dengan produk impor China mengurangi permintaan modifikasi kontainer ekspor, memaksa perusahaan menurunkan tarif penitipan sebesar 10%.Strategi adaptasi seperti diversifikasi pasar ke ASEAN dan investasi IoT terbukti efektif, tetapi memerlukan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah dan kolaborasi regional.5.2 RekomendasiJangka PendekJangka PanjangPelatihan SDM untuk efisiensi alur kerja depoInvestasi IoT dan AI untuk otomatisasi depoLobi pemerintah untuk insentif pajak logistikKolaborasi dengan Pelabuhan Singapura dan Klang untuk integrasi rantai pasokDiversifikasi layanan cold storage untuk ekspor pertanianPengembangan layanan modifikasi kontainer khusus (misalnya, untuk bahan kimia)Rekomendasi untuk Pemerintah:Mempercepat diplomasi perdagangan dengan AS untuk menegosiasikan penurunan tarif.Meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap impor tekstil China ilegal melalui revisi regulasi kepabeanan.Memanfaatkan pasal simplifikasi kepabeanan RCEP untuk mengurangi biaya logistik.Daftar PustakaBadan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Laporan Ekspor Nonmigas Indonesia 2024. Jakarta: BPS.Kementerian Perdagangan. (2024). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Tarif AS. Jakarta: Kemenperin.Krugman, P. (2022). “Protectionism and Global Trade Distortions.” Journal of International Economics, 45(3), 123–140.Nguyen, T., et al. (2023). “Impact of U.S. Tariffs on Logistics in Southeast Asia.” Journal of International Logistics, 12(2), 89–105.Stiglitz, J. (2023). Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited. New York: W.W. Norton.Kompas. (2022). “Insiden JICT 2022: Penumpukan Kontainer dan Dampaknya.” 15 Desember 2022.Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. (2024). Laporan Simplifikasi Kepabeanan. Jakarta: Sekretariat RCEP.LampiranLampiran 1: Grafik Tren Volume Kontainer (2018–2025)Berikut adalah visualisasi tren volume kontainer PT. Trans Tiomajaya berdasarkan data internal:{
"type": "line",
"data": {
"labels": ["2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022", "2023", "2024", "2025"],
"datasets": [{
"label": "Volume Kontainer (Unit)",
"data": [9500, 10000, 9000, 9500, 10000, 10500, 10500, 8000],
"borderColor": " ",
"backgroundColor": "rgba(2, 136, 209, 0.2)",
"fill": true
}]
},
"options": {
"scales": {
"y": {
"beginAtZero": true,
"title": { "display": true, "text": "Jumlah Kontainer (Unit)" }
},
"x": {
"title": { "display": true, "text": "Tahun" }
}
},
"plugins": {
"title": { "display": true, "text": "Tren Volume Kontainer PT. Trans Tiomajaya (2018–2025)" }
}
}
}Penjelasan: Grafik ini menunjukkan penurunan volume kontainer dari 10.500 unit (2024) menjadi 8.000 unit (2025), mencerminkan dampak kebijakan tarif AS.Lampiran 2: Peta Rute Ekspor AlternatifPeta berikut (konseptual) menunjukkan rute ekspor alternatif ke negara ASEAN dan BRICS:Rute 1: Jakarta → Pelabuhan Klang (Malaysia) untuk ekspor ikan.Rute 2: Jakarta → Laem Chabang (Thailand) untuk ekspor buah-buahan.Rute 3: Jakarta → Yokohama (Jepang) untuk ekspor produk pertanian cold storage.(Catatan: Peta dapat dibuat menggunakan perangkat lunak seperti ArcGIS atau visualisasi sederhana di PowerPoint berdasarkan data RCEP).Lampiran 3: Transkrip WawancaraManajer Operasional (5 Maret 2025): “Kami terpaksa menurunkan tarif penitipan dari Rp500.000/TEU menjadi Rp450.000/TEU karena klien beralih ke produk impor China.”Ketua DPW ALFI DKI (10 Maret 2025): “Tarif AS memperburuk situasi logistik di Tanjung Priok. Perlu kolaborasi regional untuk bertahan.”Penyempurnaan TambahanReferensi Akademis:Tambahkan jurnal seperti Journal of International Logistics (2024) untuk memperkuat studi empiris.Gunakan buku Global Trade and Logistics (Chopra & Meindl, 2023) untuk analisis rantai pasok.Konteks RCEP:Manfaatkan Pasal 3.2 RCEP tentang simplifikasi kepabeanan untuk mengurangi biaya clearance kontainer hingga 15% (RCEP, 2024).Data Primer:Lakukan wawancara tambahan dengan eksportir tekstil untuk memahami keputusan beralih ke Vietnam atau Kamboja.Dapatkan laporan keuangan PT. Trans Tiomajaya (2023–2025) untuk menghitung rasio profitabilitas secara kuantitatif.Visualisasi Data:Tambahkan grafik batang untuk membandingkan biaya demurrage sebelum dan sesudah tarif AS.Buat tabel perbandingan utilisasi depo kontainer di Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Malaysia.Catatan untuk ImplementasiRiset Lapangan: Segera hubungi manajemen PT. Trans Tiomajaya untuk mendapatkan data laporan keuangan dan volume kontainer terkini. Jika akses terbatas, gunakan data proksi dari JICT atau ALFI DKI.Perangkat Lunak: Gunakan NVivo untuk analisis tematik wawancara dan SPSS untuk analisis data sekunder jika tersedia data kuantitatif tambahan.Validasi Data: Lakukan member checking dengan narasumber untuk memastikan akurasi temuan.Jadwal Penelitian:Februari 2025: Pengumpulan data primer (wawancara, observasi).Maret 2025: Analisis data dan penyusunan draf.April 2025: Penyempurnaan dan presentasi hasil.Jika Anda memerlukan bantuan lebih lanjut, seperti contoh kuesioner wawancara, analisis data kuantitatif, atau visualisasi tambahan (misalnya, grafik biaya demurrage), silakan beri tahu!

21/05/2025
21/05/2025
21/05/2025
21/05/2025
21/05/2025
21/05/2025

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The companies set out to offer a new schedule reliability benchmark for the shipping industry

Shanghai Shipping Exchange, a leading shipping index organization, and CargoSmart Limited, a leading global shipment management software solutions provider, have signed a Memorandum of Cooperation to develop a new shipping index for ocean carrier schedule reliability. Working together, Shanghai Shipping Exchange and CargoSmart will create a new methodology to calculate schedule reliability for key trade lanes to help shippers optimize their supply chains and for the industry as a whole to improve service quality.

As an open, fair and unbiased platform, Shanghai Shipping Exchange has been playing a significant role in providing up-to-date and accurate shipping information for the global shipping market, including publishing the China Containerized Freight Index (CCFI) and Shanghai Containerized Freight Index (SCFI). “The alliance with CargoSmart allows us to expand the insights we provide for the shipping industry,” said Yao Weifu, Vice President of Shanghai Shipping Exchange. “We look forward to collaborating with CargoSmart to deliver a new shipping index that increases transparency to ocean carrier performance.”

With over 20 years of experience in providing shipping management solutions and connections with more than 20 ocean carriers, CargoSmart monitors and analyzes over 16,000 vessels, 1,400 global container terminals, 3,000 ocean carrier services representing 85% of the market, and 10 million sailing schedules. By tapping into its comprehensive database and applying analytics, CargoSmart will enable effective and accurate measurement of ocean carriers’ schedule reliability performance. “CargoSmart and Shanghai Shipping Exchange share a common desire to improve supply chain efficiency and productivity,” said Lionel Louie, chief commercial officer of CargoSmart. “Our cooperation will extend our contributions to the shipping industry.”