26/12/2025
This research letter identifies elevated as an independent predictor of reduced emptying velocity in , with a nomogram integrating FGF‑23, AF chronicity, and CHF outperforming CHA2DS2‑VA, offering a tool for risk stratification.
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Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) emerges as a critical predictor of reduced left atrial appendage emptying velocity in AF patients, linking elevated levels to stroke risk via atrial fibrosis.