Medical SmArTiEs

20/06/2019

If pneumothorax develops at the time of menstruation, it is called catamenial pneumothorax. It is usually on the right side, occurs within 48 h of onset of menstruation, common in 25 to 30 year old female and is due to intrapleural endometriosis.
Most catamenial pneumothoraces are small and self resolving. In some cases, it is treated by hormone therapy to suppress ovulation (by progesterone or androgen therapy) or simply by oral contraceptive pills. Sometimes, surgical exploration and pleurodesis may be needed.

31/03/2018

Pituitary apoplexy is acute hemorrhage into the pituitary gland often at the site of a preexisting
pituitary adenoma (typically a macroadenoma). Pituitary apoplexy can cause acute pituitary
hormone deficiency or mass effect from rapid expansion of the sellar contents due to
bleeding. It is an endocrine and neurosurgical emergency. Acute ACTH deficiency is common
and can be life-threatening. If suspected, stress-dose glucocorticoid replacement should be
initiated emergently. Patients with vision changes or loss associated with apoplexy require
urgent surgical decompression.

21/12/2014

clinical pearl : OBS& GYN

Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to accelerate fetal lung maturity are no longer
recommended. However, using a second course of ACS has been shown to be an effective and safe
alternative for women who have gone beyond a week or two from their previous course of ACS and
are threatening to deliver prematurely.

07/09/2014

Methyldopa is normally used first line for the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Labetalol is normally used second line and nifedipine and hydralazine as third line. ACE inhbitors should be avoided.

07/09/2014

Visual hallucinations are rare in bipolar mania and would warrant investigation for an organic cause.

04/08/2014

03/06/2014

A patient is treated with hydralazine for the management of her blood pressure. Unfortunately she suffers profound hypotension after only five doses of medication.

Which of the following characteristics does she most likely possess?

1-CYP 2D6 polymorphism
2- Slow acetylation
3- HLA-DR2 genotype
4-Fast acetylation
5-G6-PD deficiency

03/06/2014

Which of the following visual field changes would be most consistent with a left parietal lobe lesion?

1- Right homonymous hemianopia
2- Left inferior homonymous quadrantanopia
3- Left superior homonymous quadrantanopia
4- Right inferior homonymous quadrantanopia
5- Right superior homonymous quadrantanopia

03/06/2014

A patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia received 3 weeks of chemotherapy. He develops pyrexia and jaundice. Blood cultures are taken and intravenous antibiotics are started; however, he does not respond to therapy.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

1-Hepatic leukaemic deposits
2- Cytomegalovirus infection
3-Fungal infection
4- Toxoplasmosis
5-Miliary tuberculosis

03/06/2014

A 34-year-old man presents for the removal of a mole. Where on the body are keloid scars most likely to form?

1-Lower back
2- Scalp
3- Sternum
4-Abdomen
5- Flexor surfaces of limbs