18/03/2026
The process of a dental cavity (tooth decay) is gradual and happens in several stages. Here’s a simple step-by-step explanation:
🦷 1. Plaque Formation
After eating, especially sugary or starchy foods, bacteria in your mouth form a sticky layer called plaque on the teeth.
🧪 2. Acid Production
These bacteria break down sugar and produce acids. This acid attacks the outer layer of the tooth called enamel.
⚠️ 3. Enamel Demineralization
Repeated acid attacks cause loss of minerals (calcium & phosphate) from enamel → small white spots may appear.
👉 This stage is reversible if treated early (fluoride, good hygiene).
🕳️ 4. Cavity Formation
If demineralization continues, enamel breaks down and forms a hole → this is a cavity.
😖 5. Dentin Involvement
Decay spreads to the inner layer called dentin, which is softer.
👉 You may feel sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet.
🔥 6. Pulp Infection
If untreated, decay reaches the pulp (nerve of the tooth).
👉 Causes severe pain, swelling, and infection.
🦠 7. Abscess Formation
In advanced cases, infection spreads beyond the tooth → pus formation (abscess).
👉 May require root canal treatment or extraction.
📌 Summary Flow:
Food → Plaque → Acid → Enamel damage → Cavity → Pain → Infection
🛡️ Prevention Tips
Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Floss regularly
Avoid frequent sugary snacks
Regular dental checkups
