07/09/2021
Mars, the Red Planet, has always been a mystery when it comes to the age old question, was there ever life on Mars?
This question has intrigued scientists all over the world who have desperately tried to get to the answer. A new study published in the journal Science shows definitive evidence of organic matter on the surface of Mars. It confirms earlier findings that the Red Planet contains certain carbon-based compounds that are the essence of life as scientists understand it.
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have been a watery lake over three billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the molecule in rocks extracted from the area. The rocks also contain sulphur, which scientists speculate helped preserve the organics even when the rocks were exposed to the harsh radiation on the surface of the planet.
A rover sent to Mars analyses the air around it periodically, and in 2014 it found the air contained another of the most basic organic molecules and a key ingredient of natural gas, methane. One of the characteristics of methane is that it only survives a few hundred years. This means that something, somewhere on Mars, is replenishing the supply. According to NASA, Mars emits thousands of tons of methane at a time. The level of methane rises and falls at seasonal intervals in the year, almost as if the planet is breathing it.
NASA suspects the methane comes from deep under the surface of the planet. The variations in temperature on the surface of Mars cause the molecule to flow upwards at higher or lower levels. For example, in the Martian winter the gas could get trapped in underground icy crystals. These crystals, called clathrates, melt in the summer and release the gas. However, the source of the methane is still a complete mystery.
The possibility of life on Mars has fascinated humans for generations. It has been the subject of endless science-fiction novels and films. With new evidence coming in, it has become a very interesting and controversial topic which begs the question, are we alone in the universe or have there been other life forms within our Solar System? If the current missions to the Red Planet continue, it looks as if we may discover the answer very soon.