
15/03/2025
Rising Waters, Changing Climate: India’s Off-Season Flood Crisis
Off-season floods in India are escalating, with states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Gujarat witnessing extreme rainfall events beyond the monsoon. In 2023, Chennai saw over 300 mm of rainfall in December, while Himachal Pradesh recorded 50% excess rainfall in March—both uncharacteristic for these regions.
Climate change is the primary culprit. Rising global temperatures increase atmospheric moisture, leading to sudden cloudbursts. The Bay of Bengal’s surface temperature has risen by 1.2°C since 1950, fueling cyclonic activity that triggers erratic rainfall. Additionally, glacial melt in the Himalayas has accelerated by 65% in recent decades, causing sudden river surges.
Urbanization has worsened flood risks. Unplanned construction reduces natural drainage, while deforestation weakens soil absorption. In cities like Bengaluru and Mumbai, encroachment on wetlands has led to frequent flash floods. Strengthening early warning systems and climate-resilient infrastructure is essential to mitigate these increasing disasters.