13/05/2026
This DIY electronics project is a high sensitivity adjustable temperature controller circuit made using BC547 transistors, a 100k NTC thermistor, variable resistor, PC817 optocoupler, relay driver transistor, and relay. Three BC547 transistors are connected in a Darlington amplifier style setup to create very high sensitivity, allowing the circuit to detect temperature changes quickly and accurately. The 100k NTC thermistor senses heat, while the potentiometer is used to adjust the desired temperature trigger point.
When the temperature reaches the preset level, the BC547 transistor stage activates the PC817 optocoupler, which then drives the relay through the transistor switch stage. The relay can automatically turn connected devices ON or OFF depending on the set temperature. This makes the circuit very useful for controlling a 220V exhaust fan, cooling fan, heater, charger auto cut-off, soldering iron standby auto power cut, and other home automation uses.
The circuit works from a low voltage 3.7V power supply, making it battery friendly and energy efficient. It is a simple, low-cost, and practical homemade electronics project for beginners and hobbyists interested in transistor circuits, temperature sensing, relay control, and automatic switching systems.