Agricultural Research Communication Centre, Karnal (2026)

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Evaluate Campaign Effectiveness, Farmer Adoption of Tejaa (081) along with Mapping Success of Tejaa (081) Campaign in Salem

B. Venugopal, Aniket Patil

Affiliations

Indian Institute of Plantation Management Bengaluru (An Autonomous Organization of the Ministry of Commerce and amp; Industry, Govt. of India), Jnana Bharathi Campus, Malathalli, Bengaluru-560 056, Karnataka, India.

Agribusiness and Plantation Management, Indian Institute of Plantation Management Bengaluru (An Autonomous Organization of the Ministry of Commerce and amp; Industry, Govt. of India), Jnana Bharathi Campus, Malathalli, Bengaluru-560 056, Karnataka, India.

Cite article:- Venugopal B., Patil Aniket (2026). Evaluate Campaign Effectiveness, Farmer Adoption of Tejaa (081) along with Mapping Success of Tejaa (081) Campaign in Salem . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 315-319. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6379.

ABSTRACT

Background: This research was conducted during a two-month internship at Advanta Seeds to assess the effectiveness of the marketing campaign for Tejaa (081), a hybrid variety launched exclusively for farmers in Tamil Nadu. The study focused on campaign effectiveness, price protection measures, referral schemes and the acceptance of Advanta’s communication strategies among farmers. Understanding the factors influencing farmer adoption and their perceptions of the campaign’s effectiveness is crucial for refining marketing strategies in the Agri-input sector.

Methods: Primary data was collected from 141 okra-growing farmers across 51 villages, including regions such as Salem, Edappadi, Konganapuram, Erode, Tharamanglam and Dharmapuri. The research was conducted at the Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Bengaluru. The period of the study was two months, from April 2024 to May 2024. A structured questionnaire was used to gather insights, with the sample consisting of 69 user farmers and 71 random farmers. The study employed a non-probability purposive sampling technique and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, pivot charts and graphical representations to derive key insights.

Result: Findings indicated that 88% of respondents recalled receiving campaign communication, with high yield potential and increased branching being the most attractive features. Referral schemes such as Advanta Kavach and Cashback positively influenced the purchasing decisions of 69.29% of farmers. However, satisfaction with the pricing strategy was mixed, as many farmers expressed concerns about Tejaa’s higher prices compared to competitor seeds. Farmer adoption was moderate, with nearly half of the respondents planting Tejaa (081) this season. Future purchases remained uncertain, primarily influenced by crop performance. Many farmers were hesitant to recommend the seeds due to uncertainties in yield and quality.

KEYWORDS
Campaign, Communication, Farmer adoption, Referral schemes, Value

Evaluate Campaign Effectiveness, Farmer Adoption of Tejaa (081) along with Mapping Success of Tejaa (081) Campaign in Salem

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

An Analysis of Market Structure of Apple Fruit using Gini Co-Efficient and Lorenz Curve: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh

Shilpa Rani, Subhash Sharma, Anurita Kharayat, Chinglembi Laishram

Affiliations

Department of Social Sciences, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Cite article:- Rani Shilpa, Sharma Subhash, Kharayat Anurita, Laishram Chinglembi (2026). An Analysis of Market Structure of Apple Fruit using Gini Co-Efficient and Lorenz Curve: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 310-314. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6410.

ABSTRACT

Background: The present study has made an attempt to analyse the market structure of apple fruit in four selected markets of Himachal Pradesh as our state is the second top most apple producing state in India, so, it becomes relevant to analyse it’s market structure.

Methods: The present study has analysed the market structure of apple fruit using Gini co-efficient and Lorenz curve by purposely selecting four apple wholesale markets of Himachal Pradesh i.e. Dhali market of Shimla, Solan wholesale market, Bhuntar wholesale market of Kullu and Takoli wholesale market in Mandi district involved in procurement of apple in Himachal Pradesh and a sample of 40 intermediaries (wholesalers and retailers) from selected markets was taken and analysed using suitable statistical tools.

Result: It was revealed that 20 per cent of the wholesalers in the size of >3000 MT/year were handling 23.52 per cent of apple sales in Dhali market and the Gini concentration ratio of 0.31 was low for apple in this market which revealed that it was a relatively highly competitive market. Also, in Dhali wholesale market, the Lorenz curve was somewhat nearer to line of equality which led us to the conclusion the income inequality was less among wholesalers and income was equally distributed among wholesalers. Government should also improve their policies to improve the market sturcture of apple which can help in reducing income inequalities.

KEYWORDS
Gini co-efficient, Lorenz curve, Market concentration, Wholesale market

An Analysis of Market Structure of Apple Fruit using Gini Co-Efficient and Lorenz Curve: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Effect of Melaleuca viminalis Essential Oil and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Mortality of Sitophilus oryzae

Tareq Saadi Abbas Al-Hayali, Fadel Abbas Qader, Haider Ali Reda Al-Ezzi

Affiliations

Soil Sciences and Water Resources Department - College of Agriculture - University of Diyala, Iraq.

College of Agriculture AL. Hawija, University of Kirkuk, Iraq.

Department of plant protection - College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, Iraq.

Cite article:- Al-Hayali Abbas Saadi Tareq, Qader Abbas Fadel, Al-Ezzi Reda Ali Haider (2026). Effect of Melaleuca viminalis Essential Oil and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Mortality of Sitophilus oryzae . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 305-309. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.AF-970.

ABSTRACT

Background: Insects Bio-control specially botanicals have received more attention nowadays. Essential oils are extracted from plants as a natural eco-friendly substance and as an insecticidal property. Moreover, it can be used for synthesis of nano particles pesticides. The current study aimed to use the essential oil of Melaleuca viminalis leaves as pesticides, synthesis of silver nano particles and verify their effectiveness on mortality of rice weevil under laboratory conditions.

Methods: The essential oil extracted from leaves of M. viminalis was used at concentrations (10, 20, 30 µL L-1 air) and silver nanoparticles (2000, 4000, 6000 mg L-1) at three exposure periods (24, 48, 72 hours) to assess performance against rice weevil larvae and adults.

Result: The mortality rate of adults and larvae increased with increasing concentrations of both insecticides. For larvae after 72 hours was reached to 100% and 93.3% at 6000 mg L-1 and 30 µL L-1 air for silver nanoparticles and Melaleuca oil, respectively. Adults mortality after 72 hours, was 100% and 90% at 6000 mg L-1 and 20 µL L-1 air for silver nanoparticles and Melaleuca oil, respectively. It was demonstrated from the results that the treatment of silver nanoparticles with low concentration was more effective in mortality rate than Melaleuca oil. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of nanotechnology for pest control is more economical due to lower lethal doses.

KEYWORDS
Melaleuca viminalis, Nanoparticles, Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, Volatile oils

Effect of Melaleuca viminalis Essential Oil and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Mortality of Sitophilus oryzae

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Analyzing the Counteractive Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis on Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta in Peach Orchards of Armavir, Armenia

Hrant Terlemezyan, Harutyun Harutyunyan, Sona Sargsyan, Gabriel Karapetyan, Habetnak Mkrtchyan, Noushig Zarikian, Anichka Hovsepyan, Masis Sargsyan

Affiliations

Research Centre of Risk Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, 107/2 Masis Highway, Yerevan, Armenia.

Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology NAS RA, P. Sevak str.7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.

Scientific and Production Center “Armbiotechnology” NAS RA, Gyurjyan Street 14, Yerevan 0056, Armenia.

Cite article:- Terlemezyan Hrant, Harutyunyan Harutyun, Sargsyan Sona, Karapetyan Gabriel, Mkrtchyan Habetnak, Zarikian Noushig, Hovsepyan Anichka, Sargsyan Masis (2026). Analyzing the Counteractive Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis on Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta in Peach Orchards of Armavir, Armenia . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 299-304. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.AF-963.

ABSTRACT

Background: The present investigation, conducted during 2020-23 under both laboratory and field conditions, was aimed at isolation and evaluating Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), specifically Bt MB-23 and Bt Tv-97, against larvae of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. The oriental fruit moth is a major pest in peach cultivation in the Republic of Armenia, which causes substantial damage to fruit and leaves.

Methods: The Bt strains isolated from naturally deceased larvae were evaluated at a concentration of 600 million spores/ml, both individually and in combination with commercial insecticide at sublethal concentrations of 3x and 10x dilutions. Damage assessment in terms of the number of affected leaves and fruits per tree was recorded and analyzed.

Result: All tested treatments with Bt strains showed high biological efficiency, recording 86.8-97.0% damage reduction as compared to the control. The combination treatments of Bt and chemical insecticide demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatments in pest suppression. Statistical analysis validated the experimental outcomes, showing that overall fruit yield and damage metrics were comparable between treatments and controls, while biocontrol treatments achieved these results with reduced chemical use, confirming the reliability of the findings.

KEYWORDS
Bacillus thuringiensis, Biological control, Grapholita molesta, Peach orchards

Analyzing the Counteractive Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis on Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta in Peach Orchards of Armavir, Armenia

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Exploring Plant Growth-promoting Fungi from Rhizosphere for Improving Aromatic Rice Growth

Nasrin Parvin, Sikha Dutta

Affiliations

Applied and Molecular Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman-713 144, West Bengal, India.

Government General Degree College Mohanpur, Mohanpur-721 436, West Bengal, India.

Cite article:- Parvin Nasrin, Dutta Sikha (2026). Exploring Plant Growth-promoting Fungi from Rhizosphere for Improving Aromatic Rice Growth . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 292-298. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6377.

ABSTRACT

Background: The prolonged and unregulated application of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides declines soil productivity and fertility. This scenario has prompted the exploration of environmentally sustainable and economically reasonable alternatives for enhancing crop production.

Methods: Therefore, the present investigation focused on the plant-growth-promoting (PGP) activities of fungi isolated from the rhizospheric region of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) through serial dilution techniques to be utilized as potential biofertilizers. Then they were screened for several plant growth promoting abilities. The most potent one was selected for in vitro growth promotion of aromatic rice.

Result: Five fungal strains (NF1, NF2, NF3, SP1 and SP2) with distinct morphological features were isolated and screened for PGP properties. NF3 (Paradendryphiella arenariae) exhibited positive results for most PGP traits and was selected for further investigations. Seed bio-priming of two local aromatic rice cultivars (Gobinda Bhog or GB and Badshah Bhog or BB) with the selected fungal strain enhanced seed germination percentage (1.2-fold), root length (1.25 fold) and shoot length (1.40-fold) and dry weight (1.22-fold and 1.3-fold), along with an increase in tillers per plant (1.6-fold) and elevated pigment production (1.18-fold). The findings provided vital insights for the development of a biofertilizer for aromatic rice. Consequently, further research will be carried out to assess the efficacy of this isolate under field conditions, focusing on the growth, tillering, yield and aroma content of aromatic rice.

KEYWORDS
Badshah bhog, Biofertilizer, Gobinda bhog, Paradendryphiella arenariae

Exploring Plant Growth-promoting Fungi from Rhizosphere for Improving Aromatic Rice Growth

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

E-DenseNet201: An Enhanced Method for Detecting Diseases in Tea Leaves

Anuj Kumar Das, Syed Sazzad Ahmed

Affiliations

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Assam Don Bosco University, Sonapur-782 402, Assam, India.

Cite article:- Das Kumar Anuj, Ahmed Sazzad Syed (2026). E-DenseNet201: An Enhanced Method for Detecting Diseases in Tea Leaves . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 282-291. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6438.

ABSTRACT

Background: Automatic feature extraction using convolutional neural networks has proven to be useful for a variety of computer vision tasks. Disease detection in plants is one such task that can be performed using convolutional neural network. Precise and timely disease detection in plants is crucial for better crop yield. So, state of the art technologies like convolutional neural network can help in developing efficient applications for this purpose.

Methods: Here, we have performed an empirical study of five convolutional neural network architectures namely, VGG19, ResNet152V2, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2 and DenseNet201 for detecting diseases in tea leaves. Tea leaves affected with gray blight, red spot, brown blight, algal spot and helopeltis disease were used for the study. We have employed transfer learning models to address the issue of requiring a large number of data samples for training a convolutional neural network. The models were ranked based on their performances. We also proposed an enhanced DenseNet201 (E-DenseNet201) model by integrating channel attention module with DenseNet201 and compared its performance with the convolutional neural network architectures used here.

Result: DenseNet201 demonstrated the highest performance among the five models with precision and recall value of 95.97% and 95.49% respectively. Further improvements were observed in the performance of E-DenseNet201 with precision and recall value of 98.15% and 97.5%.

KEYWORDS
DenseNet201, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, ResNet152V2, Transfer learning, Vgg19

E-DenseNet201: An Enhanced Method for Detecting Diseases in Tea Leaves

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Identification and Molecular Characterization of S. dorsalis (Hood) in Blackgram using mtCOIII Marker

Rajasekhar Lella, Tirumalasetti Madhumati, D.V. Sairam Kumar, V. Prasanna Kumari, V. Roja

Affiliations

Department of Agriculture, Government of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Bapatla-522 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Bapatla-522 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Department of Biotechnology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur-522 034, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Cite article:- Lella Rajasekhar, Madhumati Tirumalasetti, Kumar Sairam D.V., Kumari Prasanna V., Roja V. (2026). Identification and Molecular Characterization of S. dorsalis (Hood) in Blackgram using mtCOIII Marker . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 271-281. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6452.

ABSTRACT

Background: Identification and characterization of Scirtothrips dorsalis in blackgram.

Methods: Pictorial taxonomic key-based morphology identification of Scirtothrips dorsalis and molecular characterization through DNA sequencing using species specific marker mtCOIII for accurate confirmation of the species.

Result: The present paper reports the host record of S. dorsalis on blackgram and its identification, molecular characterization through DNA barcodes from A.P. This study contributed 07 (seven) novel gene sequences to NCBI database and also revealed the existence of low genetic polymorphism among the mtCOIII sequences of S. dorsalis. Species specific mtCOIII primer was found promising. Some more genera of thrips were also identified viz. Megalurothrips usitatus, M. typicus (Bagnall), Ayyaria chaetophora (Karny), Phibalothrips peringueyi (Faure) and some Tubuliferan thrips in meager number found in all GBNV hotspots of blackgram across A.P.

KEYWORDS
DNA barcodes, Genetic polymorphism, mtCOIII, S. dorsalis

Identification and Molecular Characterization of S. dorsalis (Hood) in Blackgram using mtCOIII Marker

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Effect of Different Levels of Boron on the Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Components of Black Gram (Vigna mungo)

Muskan Kadyan, Shakti Om Pathak, Debabrata Dhar, Sucheta Dahiya, Manjri

Affiliations

Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram-122 505, Haryana, India.

Department of Crop Improvement, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram-122 505, Haryana, India.

Cite article:- Kadyan Muskan, Pathak Om Shakti, Dhar Debabrata, Dahiya Sucheta, Manjri (2026). Effect of Different Levels of Boron on the Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Components of Black Gram (Vigna mungo) . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 266-270. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6409.

ABSTRACT

Background: In India, black gram (Vigna mungo) is an important pulse crop that makes up an important proportion of the population’s protein intake. However, low soil fertility specifically, deficiency in macronutrients and micronutrients like boron often limits its output. Foliar treatment of micronutrients, especially boron, has demonstrated potential to increase crop growth and production qualities. A field experiment was conducted to determine the impact of foliar boron application in combination with the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) on black gram growth and production.

Methods: The experiment was conducted at the crop research centre (CRC), SGT University, Kaliawas, Gurugram, Haryana, in the summer of 2024. Seven treatments were replicated three times in this randomized block design (RBD) experiment. The experimental plot’s soil had a sandy loam texture, slightly alkaline nature and low levels of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and micronutrients. Because of its consistent performance across all evaluated parameters, treatment combination T5 which included RDF +2% boron foliar application (F.A.) @ 30 and 45 days after sowing, showed significant result among all treatments.

Result: Treatment combination T5 (RDF + foliar application of 2% boron at 30 and 45 DAS) recorded superior result for various growth and yield attributes like plant height (36.20 cm), number of branches per plant (28.12), number of trifoliate leaves per plant (36.86), number of pods per plant (18.00), number of grains per pod (8.20), test weight (42.22g), grain yield (12.54 q ha-1) and biological yield (32.36 q ha-1).

KEYWORDS
Black gram, Boron, Foliar application, Growth, Pod yield, Pulse

Effect of Different Levels of Boron on the Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Components of Black Gram (Vigna mungo)

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Response of Iron Nutrition on the Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Semi-arid Region of Haryana

Adarsh Pandey, Debabrata Dhar, Shakti Om Pathak, Sachin Kumar, Manjri

Affiliations

Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram-122 505, Haryana, India.

Department of Crop Improvement, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram-122 505, Haryana, India.

Cite article:- Pandey Adarsh, Dhar Debabrata, Pathak Om Shakti, Kumar Sachin, Manjri (2026). Response of Iron Nutrition on the Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Semi-arid Region of Haryana . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 260-265. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6408.

ABSTRACT

Background: A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2024 at the Crop Research Center of Kaliawash, SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana). Different level of iron sulphate were applied to green gram through basal and foliar application to study the effect of iron nutrition on growth and yield of the plant as well as soil nutrient availability.

Methods: The experiment consisted of seven different treatments and three replications, in randomized block design. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, had low levels of available N.P.K. Further lab analysis showed the deficiency of essential micronutrients like Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn.

Result: The results specified that the highest growth parameters such as plant height (44.24 cm), number of branches per plant (15.98), number of trifoliate leaves (31.62) and yield parameters like number of pods per plant (16.48), number of grains per pod (9.67), test weight (36.00 g), grain yield (12.10 q ha-1) and stalk yield (34.98 q ha-1), were recorded under the treatment combination of RDF + foliar application (F.A.) of 0.6% FeSO4 at 30 and 45 DAS.
KEYWORDS
Foliar application, Green gram, Green manuring, Growth, Iron sulfate, Pod yield

Response of Iron Nutrition on the Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Semi-arid Region of Haryana

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Synergistic Role of Trichoderma viride with Other Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhancing Phosphate Solubilization in Wheat Cultivation of Manipur

Tabitha Donbiaksiam, Nongmaithem Jyotsna, Japani Chinir, Chinmoy Deori, Jack Ningthoujam, R.S. Telem

Affiliations

FEEDS Group of Institution, College of Agricultural Sciences, Hengbung-795 106, Manipur, India.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Senapati-795 106, Manipur, India.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shribumi-700 048, Assam, India.

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agriculture, Utlou-795 134, Manipur, India.

Cite article:- Donbiaksiam Tabitha, Jyotsna Nongmaithem, Chinir Japani, Deori Chinmoy, Ningthoujam Jack, Telem R.S. (2026). Synergistic Role of Trichoderma viride with Other Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhancing Phosphate Solubilization in Wheat Cultivation of Manipur . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 251-259. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6423.

ABSTRACT

Background: The study investigates the role of Trichoderma viride (T.V) and other phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in enhancing phosphorus solubilisation and other nutrient availability in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation.

Methods: The present work was conducted at FEEDS experimental farm, Manipur on 15/12/ 2021 in Wheat (Shriram super 252). The experiment was carried out with six treatments(T), T1 @ Trichoderma viride (T.V), T2 @ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) + Trichoderma viride (T.V), T3 @ Pseudomonas putida (P.P) + Trichoderma viride (T.V), T4 @ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) + Pseudomonas putida (P.P) + Trichoderma viride, T5 @ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) and T6 @ Azotobacter chrocooccum (A.C) + Pseudomonas putida (P.P) with four replications. Graded doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are applied in the ratio 100:50:50. Soil sample for PSM enumeration were collected at 0,30,65 and 95 days after sowing (DAS).

Result: The results demonstrated a significant increase in microbial populations, phosphorus solubilisation, nutrient availability and grain yield. Out of the six treatments, T3 which received T. V and P. P showed highest Carbon (c), P and Potassium(K) content and T6 showed highest Nitrogen(N) content in the soil. The mean of the highest total Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) population is observed in 30 DAS in T6 and the lowest total PSB population in T1 at 65 DAS. The mean of the highest total Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) population is at 30 DAS in T1 and Lowest PSF population detected is in T6 at 0 DAS. The highest yield was observed in T4@ Azotobacter chroococcum (A.C) + Pseudomonas putida (P.P) + Trichoderma viride indicating a synergistic effect.

KEYWORDS
Biofertilizers, Grain yield, Phosphorus availability, Trichoderma viride, Wheat cultivation

Synergistic Role of Trichoderma viride with Other Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms for Enhancing Phosphate Solubilization in Wheat Cultivation of Manipur

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Microbial Dynamics in Cotton Soils under Profas Application

Vivek Singh Rawat, Vishal Khandelwal, Shabnam K. Passricha

Affiliations

Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura-281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Biologia Research India Pvt Ltd, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.

Cite article:- Rawat Singh Vivek, Khandelwal Vishal, Passricha K. Shabnam (2026). Microbial Dynamics in Cotton Soils under Profas Application . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 241-250. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6482.

ABSTRACT

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the world’s most important crops, both economically and agriculturally. While fertilizers and supplements such as Profas are widely used to improve crop productivity, their impact on soil health and microbial communities is not fully understood. This study examined how Profas influences soil microbial diversity and composition in cotton fields. Using V3-V4 amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform, microbial communities from soils treated with Profas at 10 ppm and 20 ppm were compared with untreated controls.

Methods: The analysis revealed that Profas application led to marked shifts in microbial populations. Proteobacteria, especially Gammaproteobacteria and members of the Pseudomonadaceae, increased in abundance, whereas overall microbial diversity declined. These patterns were linked to changes in soil nutrient dynamics, pH and the inherent antibacterial properties of Profas. To further explore its impact, nine bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their ability to degrade Profas in vitro. Among these, Prestia flexus emerged as the most efficient degrader.

Result: The results indicate that Profas not only reshapes soil microbial communities but may also pose ecological risks by reducing biodiversity. At the same time, the identification of microbial strains capable of breaking down Profas highlights a promising approach for the bioremediation of its residues. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the interactions between synthetic inputs and soil microbes, emphasizing the need for balanced fertilizer practices that support both crop productivity and long-term soil sustainability.

KEYWORDS
Bioremediation, Cotton, Metagenomics, Profas, Soil microbes

Microbial Dynamics in Cotton Soils under Profas Application

24/02/2026

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 60 Issue 2 (February 2026)

Effect Different Level of Organic Sources on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economic Response of Moong Bean (Vigna radiata L.) in Central Part of India

Mastu Patel, B. Gangwar, Prasann Kumar

Affiliations

Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144 411, Punjab, India.

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284 128, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Cite article:- Patel Mastu, Gangwar B., Kumar Prasann (2026). Effect Different Level of Organic Sources on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economic Response of Moong Bean (Vigna radiata L.) in Central Part of India . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 60(2): 235-240. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6384.

ABSTRACT

Background: Excessive utilization of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, leading to environmental, soil and water contamination and pest outbreaks, has emerged as a significant concern in recent year. In today’s agricultural landscape, there is a growing trend towards organic farming, emphasizing a sift from high-volume to high-value production system.

Methods: A field experiment was conducted in Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Bundelkhand University Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh during kharif season of 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with nine treatments combination, three different sources of organic viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure along with Rhizobium and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB).

Result: Experimental results indicated that 1/3 through farm yard manure (16.66 q ha-1) + 1/3 through poultry manure (2.77 q ha-1) + through vermicompost (8.33 q ha-1) + rhizobium + PSB, significantly enhancing growth parameters leaf area, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation per meter square, yield attributes like Pod weight, grain yield and quality attributes, higher net return.

KEYWORDS
Farm yard manure, Poultry manure, PSB, Root nodules, Vermicompost

Effect Different Level of Organic Sources on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economic Response of Moong Bean (Vigna radiata L.) in Central Part of India

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