Ach'z Sagacity

26/08/2025

OET Reading 38
Part A – IV Therapy

Text A: Purpose

Intravenous (IV) therapy delivers fluids, electrolytes, medications, or blood products directly into the venous system. It is indicated in dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and when rapid drug action is required.

Text B: Infection Prevention

Strict aseptic technique is essential during IV insertion and maintenance. The insertion site should be checked regularly for phlebitis, redness, or swelling. Hand hygiene before and after handling the cannula is mandatory.

Text C: Nursing Care

The cannula should be flushed regularly with normal saline to maintain patency. IV fluid bags must be labelled with date and time of initiation. Patients should be monitored for infiltration, which presents as swelling, pain, and cool skin at the site.

Text D: Complications

Common complications include phlebitis, infiltration, fluid overload, and infection. Severe cases may lead to sepsis. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent adverse outcomes.

Questions 1–7: Which text (A–D)?

1. Describes signs of infiltration

2. Explains when IV therapy is required

3. Mentions sepsis as a possible complication

4. Advises flushing cannula with saline

5. Refers to monitoring site for redness

6. States to label IV fluid bags

7. Notes fluid overload as a risk

Questions 8–14 (Short answers)

8. Name one indication for IV therapy.

9. What should be done before and after handling a cannula?

10. Which solution is used to flush a cannula?

11. What two details must be written on an IV fluid bag?

12. Give one sign of infiltration.

13. What may phlebitis cause at insertion site?

14. What severe complication may result from infection?

Questions 15–20 (Complete sentences)

15. IV therapy delivers fluids and medications into the _______.

16. The insertion site should be checked for _______.

17. Swelling, pain, and cool skin are signs of _______.

18. IV bags must be labelled with _______.

19. Common complications include phlebitis, infiltration, and _______.

20. Prompt recognition and intervention help prevent _______.

Answer Key – IV Therapy

Q1–7: 1. C | 2. A | 3. D | 4. C | 5. B | 6. C | 7. D
Q8–14: 8. Dehydration | 9. Hand hygiene | 10. Normal saline | 11. Date and time | 12. Swelling / pain / cool skin (any one) | 13. Redness | 14. Sepsis
Q15–20: 15. venous system | 16. redness or swelling | 17. infiltration | 18. date and time | 19. fluid overload | 20. adverse outcomes

Ach'z SaGaCiTy

24/08/2025

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18/08/2025

OET Reading 37
Part A – Wound Dressing

Time: 15 minutes
Instructions: Read the four short texts (A–D) and answer the 20 questions. Questions 1–7 require matching, 8–14 require short answers, and 15–20 are sentence completion. Write no more than three words or numbers for answers in Q8–20.

TEXT A: Purpose and Principles

Wound dressing aims to promote healing, protect the wound from infection, and absorb exudate. An ideal dressing maintains a moist environment, allows gas exchange, and provides thermal insulation. Dressings should also minimise pain during changes and be appropriate to the wound type and stage of healing.

TEXT B: Infection Prevention

Strict aseptic technique must be followed when performing wound dressing. Hand hygiene before and after the procedure is essential. Sterile gloves and instruments should be used. Used dressings must be disposed of safely in clinical waste. Signs of wound infection include increased pain, redness, swelling, pus, or foul odour.

TEXT C: Nursing Responsibilities

Nurses should assess the wound for size, depth, colour, and exudate amount. Pain levels must be evaluated before dressing change, and analgesia administered if necessary. Documentation of wound progress is essential. Patients should be educated about keeping the wound dry, recognising infection signs, and adhering to follow-up appointments.

TEXT D: Types of Dressings

Gauze: Useful for cleaning but may adhere to wounds.

Hydrocolloid: Provides moisture and promotes autolytic debridement.

Foam: Absorbs exudate and protects fragile skin.

Transparent film: Allows observation without removal and maintains moisture.
Choice of dressing depends on wound condition, exudate level, and healing stage.

Questions 1–7: Which text (A–D) contains the following information?

1. Lists different kinds of wound dressings

2. States that pain should be checked before dressing change

3. Identifies signs such as foul odour as infection indicators

4. Describes the general aims of wound dressing

5. Explains the need for safe disposal of used dressings

6. Recommends documenting wound progress

7. Mentions hydrocolloid dressings for debridement

Questions 8–14: Answer briefly using a maximum of three words.

8. What kind of environment should an ideal dressing maintain?

9. Which type of gloves must be used during wound dressing?

10. Name one feature nurses should assess in a wound.

11. What should patients keep the wound to prevent infection?

12. Which dressing allows observation without removal?

13. Which type of dressing absorbs exudate?

14. What must nurses provide if a patient has pain before dressing change?

Questions 15–20: Complete the sentences using words from the texts (max 3 words).

15. Wound dressing protects the wound and absorbs _______.

16. Hand hygiene is essential to prevent _______.

17. Increased redness, swelling, or pus are signs of _______.

18. Patients should be educated about follow-up _______.

19. Gauze dressings may _______ to the wound.

20. Dressing choice depends on wound condition and _______.

Answer Key

Questions 1–7 (Matching):

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. D

Questions 8–14 (Short answers):
8. Moist environment
9. Sterile gloves
10. Size / depth / colour / exudate (any one)
11. Dry
12. Transparent film
13. Foam
14. Analgesia

Questions 15–20 (Sentence completion):
15. exudate
16. infection
17. wound infection
18. appointments
19. adhere
20. healing stage

--- Ach'z SaGaCiTy

14/08/2025

OET Reading 36
Part A – Urinary Catheter Care

Time: 15 minutes
Instructions: Read the four short texts (A–D) and answer the 20 questions. Questions 1–7 require matching, 8–14 require short answers, and 15–20 are sentence completion. Write no more than three words or numbers for answers in Q8–20.

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🔹 TEXT A: Purpose and Indications

Urinary catheterisation is performed to drain urine from the bladder when a patient is unable to void naturally, for accurate urine output monitoring, or during certain surgical procedures. Indications include urinary retention, bladder outlet obstruction, and for patients who are critically ill. Catheters may be short-term (intermittent) or long-term (indwelling).

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🔹 TEXT B: Infection Prevention

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common risk. Strict aseptic technique during insertion, maintaining a closed drainage system, and avoiding unnecessary catheter use are essential. The drainage bag should always be kept below the level of the bladder to prevent backflow of urine.

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🔹 TEXT C: Nursing Responsibilities

Nurses should inspect the catheter site daily for redness, swelling, or discharge. Catheter tubing should be free from kinks, and the drainage bag emptied regularly using a clean container. Fluid intake should be encouraged unless contraindicated. Education should include signs of infection such as burning, fever, and cloudy urine.

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🔹 TEXT D: Removal and Post-care

Catheters should be removed as soon as clinically appropriate to reduce infection risk. After removal, monitor the patient for the ability to void naturally. Any signs of urinary retention should be reported promptly. Encourage increased oral fluids post-removal unless medically contraindicated.

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📘 Questions 1–7: Which text (A–D) contains the following information?

1. Advises keeping the drainage bag below bladder level

2. Describes signs of catheter site infection

3. Explains the purpose of catheterisation

4. States that catheters should be removed promptly

5. Warns about urinary retention after removal

6. Recommends a closed drainage system

7. Mentions encouraging fluid intake after catheter removal

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📗 Questions 8–14: Answer briefly using a maximum of three words.

8. Name one reason for inserting a urinary catheter.

9. What should be avoided in the tubing to allow proper drainage?

10. What should be inspected daily at the catheter site?

11. Which container should be used to empty the drainage bag?

12. Give one symptom of catheter-associated UTI.

13. What position should the drainage bag be in?

14. What should be reported if present after removal?

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📙 Questions 15–20: Complete the sentences using words from the texts (max 3 words).

15. Urinary catheters may be intermittent or _______.

16. Aseptic technique helps prevent _______.

17. The drainage bag should be kept below the _______.

18. Fluid intake should be encouraged unless _______.

19. After catheter removal, monitor the patient’s ability to _______.

20. Signs of burning, fever, and cloudy urine may indicate _______.

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✅ Answer Key

Questions 1–7 (Matching):

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. D

5. D

6. B

7. D

Questions 8–14 (Short answers):
8. Urinary retention
9. Kinks
10. Redness, swelling, discharge
11. Clean container
12. Fever
13. Below bladder level
14. Urinary retention

Questions 15–20 (Sentence completion):
15. long-term (indwelling)
16. catheter-associated urinary tract infection / CAUTI
17. bladder
18. contraindicated
19. void naturally
20. infection

---Achz SaGaCiTy

14/08/2025

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12/08/2025

OET Reading 35

Part A – Post-operative Care

Time: 15 minutes
Instructions: Read the four short texts (A–D) and answer the 20 questions. Questions 1–7 require matching, 8–14 require short answers, and 15–20 are sentence completion. Write no more than three words or numbers for answers in Q8–20.

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🔹 TEXT A: Overview and Goals

Post-operative care refers to the management of a patient following surgery to promote healing, prevent complications, and restore optimal health. The immediate goals include maintaining airway patency, adequate breathing, stable circulation, and effective pain control. Long-term aims involve wound healing, regaining mobility, and preventing infection or other post-surgical complications.

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🔹 TEXT B: Common Post-operative Complications

Possible complications include wound infection, bleeding, blood clots, and pneumonia. Early ambulation helps reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Surgical wounds should be inspected regularly for redness, swelling, or discharge. Adequate pain management is essential to encourage coughing, deep breathing, and movement, which all help prevent respiratory problems.

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🔹 TEXT C: Nursing Responsibilities

Nurses monitor vital signs, observe surgical sites, assess pain levels, and check for signs of complications. They also encourage mobility, ensure adequate hydration, and educate patients about wound care and medication adherence. Patient education should cover recognising early signs of infection and knowing when to seek help. Pain relief should be provided as prescribed, balancing comfort with safety.

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🔹 TEXT D: Special Considerations and Safety

Patients recovering from general anaesthesia should be closely observed for airway obstruction and hypoventilation. Oxygen may be administered to maintain saturation. Those at high risk for falls should have safety measures such as bed rails and call bells within reach. Good hand hygiene before and after wound care is essential to prevent infection.

📘 Questions 1–7: Which text (A–D) contains the following information?

1. Describes the overall purpose of post-operative care

2. Recommends close observation after anaesthesia

3. Lists possible complications after surgery

4. States that patient mobility can prevent DVT

5. Mentions education about wound care

6. Advises on fall prevention measures

7. Identifies the need for oxygen administration

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📗 Questions 8–14: Answer briefly using a maximum of three words.

8. Name one vital sign nurses monitor after surgery.

9. What complication can bed rest cause in the legs?

10. What should wounds be checked for?

11. Which practice prevents infection during wound care?

12. What device helps prevent falls in bed?

13. Which type of anaesthesia can cause airway obstruction post-surgery?

14. What should be stable before discharge from recovery?

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📙 Questions 15–20: Complete the sentences using words from the texts (max 3 words).

15. Post-operative care aims to maintain airway patency, breathing, and _______.

16. Pain control helps encourage movement and _______.

17. Redness, swelling, or discharge may indicate _______.

18. Nurses should ensure adequate hydration and _______ adherence.

19. Bed rails and call bells help prevent _______.

20. Hand hygiene before wound care prevents _______.

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✅ Answer Key

Questions 1–7 (Matching):

1. A

2. D

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. D

Questions 8–14 (Short answers):
8. Blood pressure
9. Deep vein thrombosis / DVT
10. Redness, swelling, discharge
11. Hand hygiene
12. Bed rails
13. General anaesthesia
14. Circulation

Questions 15–20 (Sentence completion):
15. stable circulation
16. deep breathing
17. wound infection
18. medication
19. falls
20. infection

Ach'z SaGaCiTy