17/08/2025
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India, establishing the framework for the country's governance, its citizens' rights, and the structure of its government. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950, a date celebrated as Republic Day. The Constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
Here's a more detailed look at the Indian Constitution:
Key Features:
Written and Lengthy:
It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country, according to Wikipedia.
Fundamental Rights and Duties:
It outlines fundamental rights that are legally enforceable and fundamental duties that are not, but are essential for a just social order.
Parliamentary System:
It establishes a parliamentary system of government with a President as the constitutional head and a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head.
Federal Structure:
It creates a federal structure with a union of states, but with some unitary features.
Amendment Process:
It allows for amendments to adapt to changing needs and challenges, making it a living document.
Preamble:
The preamble captures the spirit of the constitution, emphasizing justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Key Components:
Preamble: Sets the guiding principles and aspirations of the Constitution.
Parts: The Constitution is divided into 25 parts, each dealing with specific aspects of governance and citizenship.
Articles: Contains 470 articles that detail the structure, powers, and functions of the government, as well as the rights and duties of citizens.
Schedules: Includes 12 schedules that provide further details and specifications.
Appendices: There are 5 appendices that offer additional information.
Significance:
Supreme Law: It is the ultimate legal authority in India.
Framework for Governance: It provides the foundation for the Indian political system.
Protection of Rights: It safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens.
Promotion of Values: It promotes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
The Constitution of India is a foundational document that reflects India's democratic values and its commitment to justice and equality. It is a comprehensive and evolving document that continues to guide the nation's development.
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