27/08/2026
A groundbreaking study published in the journal Science has mapped out Earth's surface temperature over the past 485 million years, offering an unprecedented look at how our planet’s climate has evolved across the Phanerozoic eon.
By combining chemical and fossil proxies with advanced climate modeling, researchers discovered that Earth's mean temperature has swung dramatically between an icy 11°C (52°F) and a scorching 36°C (97°F).
Across these massive geological shifts, atmospheric carbon dioxide consistently functioned as the primary driver of global temperature swings, reinforcing CO2's decisive role in dictating the planet's thermostat.
While ancient Earth endured periods far warmer than today, the central finding alarming scientists is the sheer speed of modern warming.
Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have driven atmospheric carbon dioxide from roughly 280 parts per million to over 420 parts per million, causing global temperatures to spike at a rate faster than any natural warming event documented in the nearly 500-million-year record.
Because modern human infrastructure, agriculture, and existing ecosystems developed during a notably cool and stable climate window, this rapid thermal disruption poses severe ecological and societal risks.
With species and habitats lacking the evolutionary time needed to naturally adapt to such abrupt shifts, the findings highlight the critical urgency of curbing greenhouse gas emissions to stabilize the global climate system.