International Journal of Livestock Research

20/05/2023

The study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016 in and around Dale Sadi woreda, Kellem Wollega Zone of Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia to assess and identify the potential toxic plants to livestock. Structured questionnaires in two forms were applied and 142 individuals: 124 livestock owners and traditional healers, and 18 animal health practitioners were interviewed. The result of this assessment indicated that more than 135 (95%) respondents have disclosed the presence of plant poisoning to livestock in the study area. In this study, 35 toxic plant species were identified and documented. The major problems that expose the livestock to toxic plants as explained by study participants were a shortage of feed (54.8%) and nutritional deficiency that causes abnormal feeding habits (25.9%). The animals are usually poisoned at the end of the rainy season and during the dry season. The most common plant parts that cause toxicosis to the livestock were the whole (all parts of the plant) and leaf. Among the toxic plants: Parthenium hysterophorus (18.51%), Marga Cita (NA) (15.55%), Medica goburu wed (14.81%), Sorghum bicolor (8.2%), and Euphorbia spp. (4.44%) were the most frequently complained toxic plants in the study areas. The majority of the plants that cause toxicosis to the animal were by ingestion with a single exposure (single consumption) or and among species, bovines were found to be susceptible animals. Generally, the study indicates the existence of many toxic plants in the area that needs public awareness to reduce livestock exposure and further research should be carried out to determine the toxicogenic ingredients of the plants.

Assessment of Poisonous Plants to Livestock in and around Dale Sadi Woreda, Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia Authors Mati Roba Bulcha Dale Sadi Livestock and Fishery Development and Resource Office, Oromia, Ethiopia Wakshuma Gelalcha Gebewo Dale Sadi Livestock and Fishery Development and Resour...

04/04/2023

https://ijlr.org/ojs_journal/index.php/ijlr/article/view/196

A Novel Approach In Treating Teat Wound Using Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) In A Six Cows – A Clinical Study Authors N. Gurunathan Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumb...

04/04/2023

Ghee, the clarified milkfat prepared mainly from cow or buffalo milk and has the highest share of exports in the dairy product sector is increasingly demanding and now it is gaining popularity in the western world too. Modification of milk fat composition in the simplest way of fractionation would result in fat fractions with desired technical and nutritional properties, appears which to be the most promising option. The increase/decrease in milk fat parameters and their impacts by milk fat fractionation technologies have been studied by optimizing the fractionation temperature to 3000C. The composition and physicochemical properties of all the ghee fractions were pertaining to the Ghee standards making it to be possible to be marketed in either way., stearin or olein, depending on the consumer’s choice. Economic fractionation of milk fat into liquid and solid fat fractions, which differ markedly from one another in chemical composition and physical characteristics, but are within the statutory limits of food safety by FSSAI could increase the utilization of milk fat in many food applications. The apparent merits of fractionated milk fat in the baking and confectionery sector have encouraged several scientists and efforts were made to incorporate fractions for the preparations of sweets. The potential of having a solid fraction for increased textural properties and overall acceptability was identified in many products and such initiatives will help to come up with the concept of tailoring milk fat to compete with other fats and oils in meeting the needs of the food industry.

Effect of Fractionation on the Composition, Physico-Chemical Properties, and Oxidative Stability Index of HF Ghee Authors Indu B. Asst. Professor, Dept. of Dairy Chemistry, VKIDFT, Kerala Veterinary, and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA H. M. Jayaprakasha Professor, Dair...

14/03/2023

Small ruminants are of social and economic importance due to their great ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, and efficient use of water is a major economic activity in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Therefore, this paper aimed to review the effects of water stress on the adaptability of small ruminants in arid and semiarid regions. Many mechanisms work against water stress in small ruminants including behavioural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms. Drinking behaviour in sheep and goats revealed interesting differences in the behavioural strategies between both species. The drinking behaviour was defined as follows: frequency of drinking and duration (time in minutes when the animal was actively involved in the ingestion and swallowing of water). Morphological characteristics such as body shape and size help reduce heat loads and minimize water losses; it is noted that goat breeds of arid and semi-arid regions are relatively smaller than exotic breeds. Changes in re**al temperature (OF), pulse rate (no. / min.), and respiration rate (no./min.) indicated the adaptability of the animals to increased thirst periods. Dehydration due to the thirst period provoked physiological mechanisms in the body in a manner that helped the animals to survive. Biochemical parameters like blood serum hormones, mineral profile, metabolites, and liver-kidney function were not affected by water restriction in goats so goats may survive at 50% restriction of water without affecting physiological indices and then their production. Furthermore, lower body weight gain and variation in physiological response and blood parameters in water-restricted animals reflect different adaptive strategies to counteract water restriction, as water restriction can increase stress in animals. Identification of breeds that show high adaptability to arid and semi-arid regions with an acceptable level of productivity is also important.

Response of Small Ruminants to Water Stress in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Review Authors Diriba Tulu Bediye School of Animal and Range Science, Haramaya University, Ethiopia Keywords: Adaptability, Stress, Water Abstract Small ruminants are of social and economic importance due to their great abi...

26/01/2023

Very Proud moment for IJLR and its patrons!

Our Regional Editor (Asia) Prof. (Dr.) Mahendra Pal has been conferred one of the highest civilian award "Padam Shri" in the field of Science & Engineering by Govt. of India.

We are blessed to having you on Editorial Board of IJLR.

https://ijlr.org/editorial/dr-mahendra-pal/

20/01/2023

Fetal mummification is defined as the resorption of fetal fluid within the uterus as the cervix remains closed due to the presence of the corpus luteum on the o***y. It is seen in late gestation only after the ossification of fetal bones. The present case was reported in an American bully female dog where three mummified pups were removed out of which two were mummified dead fetuses and one was live through cesarean section. The she-dog recovered following post-operative management.

https://ijlr.org/ojs_journal/index.php/ijlr/article/view/127

17/01/2023

An eight-month-old male non-descript cat was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University with symptoms of dyspnea, vomiting, and reduced appetite. A radiographic examination was performed and the condition was diagnosed as a diaphragmatic hernia. Surgical correction was done. The herniated contents were found to be liver, stomach, and intestinal loops. The animal had an uneventful recovery.

https://ijlr.org/ojs_journal/index.php/ijlr/article/view/139

14/01/2023

Poultry is constantly exposed to various immunosuppressive agents such as viruses, mycotoxins, and environmental stress. Chicken Infectious Anemia (CIA) caused by a Circovirus is one of the very important viral diseases. During the present study, mortality of 15 to 25% due to Chicken infectious anemia in eleven, 6-11weeks old commercial layer flocks located at Durg, Rajnandgaon, and Raipur districts of Chhattisgarh was noticed which were not vaccinated against CIA. Characteristic clinical signs of anemia indicated by pale comb and wattle, yellowish changes in the bone marrow, and thymic atrophy were suggestive of CIA. Generalized lymphoid atrophy was the most constant and characteristic lesion found in CIA-affected birds. Clinical samples of thymus collected from eleven commercial layer flocks were confirmed as CIA by PCR amplification of 419bp of the VP2 gene of the virus. The clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings along with PCR amplification of the VP2 gene confirmed the outbreak of CIA in the commercial layer.

https://ijlr.org/ojs_journal/index.php/ijlr/article/view/159

12/01/2023

The present study was carried out to identify the breeding preferences of necrophagous flies to various types of mutton substrates i.e., fresh, cooked, salt, and turmeric powder treated and frozen forms. On day one of the experiment, the adult flies were recorded in group M1 and no flies were attracted to the remaining groups (M2 – M4). Fly eggs and first larval instars started to appear in the M1 group from the 2nd day onwards. By the 4th day onwards, adult flies, eggs as well larval instars were noticed in all the groups (M1 – M4). On the final day of the experiment, L3 stages were recorded with a varying number of all types of meat samples of mutton. In the present study, flies were attracted more immediately to fresh mutton meat than to remaining formulations. Other forms of mutton viz., cooked, salt, and turmeric treated and frozen samples were observed in the flies only after a day of its placement. The larvae obtained from fresh mutton (M1) samples were of Calliphora spp. (60%) and Lucilia spp. (40%). The majority of the dipteran larvae in cooked mutton (M2) were of Chrysomya spp. (73.3%) and the remaining (26.7%) were of Musca spp. In the third group of salt and turmeric powder treated mutton sample (M3), the obtained larvae were identified as Sarcophaga spp. (n=16) and the rest of the larvae were of Chrysomya spp. (n=14). The findings revealed that different Physico-chemical characteristics and also the proximate composition of mutton had significantly (P

Influence of Different Types of Mutton Substrates on The Breeding Preferences of Necrophagous Flies Authors P. Sivanadha Reddy Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati-517 502, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA K. Srinivasa Rao Depart...

11/01/2023

Genetic, nutritional, and management efforts were adopted to extend the laying cycle with efficient production in layers. The poultry industry targets layers to get 500 eggs in a 100-week laying cycle positively impacted by manipulating the pullet nutrition because the layer's performance depends on her pullet stage performance. If the feeding programs for pullets are well designed and implemented, egg producers can take advantage of today's modern layer's tremendous genetic potential. The prelay period typically begins two to three weeks before the ovulation of the first o**m. Substantial body reserves before egg production (prelay period) are indispensable to achieve satisfactory hen performance. At the onset of egg production, calcium reserve are crucial in maintaining egg production and eggshell quality. A prelay diet with moderate calcium (2.0-2.5%) allows for the build-up of the medullary bone calcium reserves and maintains eggshell qualities. Dietary energy and protein are the critical nutrients in maturing pullets. The egg production performances improved by feeding pullets with high-energy and high-protein diets during the prelay period. Feeding a prelay diet containing 2700 kcal ME/kg diet and 18% CP with 2.0-2.5% calcium is the best combination for pullets 2-3 weeks before the start of egg production.

Role of Prelay Nutrition in Modern Layer Management Authors Vijaysingh Lonkar KNP College of Veterinary Science Shirwal, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur Keywords: Prelay Nutrition, Prelay Calcium, Energy and Protein Abstract Genetic, nutritional, and management efforts were....

07/12/2022

This study reports a rare case of non-cerebral coenurosis in sheep. A sheep with bilateral mandibular swelling presented with a history of weakness, dullness in appearance, pain, unable to chew grass for the past seven days. The visual examination and palpation revealed the presence of a coenurus cerebralis cyst. Both the cysts were removed with a surgical intervention using local anesthesia and the cystic fluid was subjected to analysis. The sheep regained their body weight and recovered completely within two months period. This approach of surgical intervention-involved treatment coupled with antibiotic therapy was proven to be an efficient way of managing non-cerebral coenurosis cases. The removed cyst was identified as a non-cerebral coenurus cyst based on the characteristic morphological features, such as the presence of the bladder filled with watery fluid surrounded by a thin, fibrous, and semi-opaque transparent membrane with numerous scolices attached to its inner surface. The cystic fluid analysis revealed the presence of total proteins, lymphocytes, and monocytes with a range of total nucleated cells from 87 to 166 and a foamy cytoplasmic appearance.

https://ijlr.org/ojs_journal/index.php/ijlr/article/view/113

06/12/2022

A 5-month-old kid of Pantja goat was presented to Dr. I P Singh veterinary clinical complex and trauma center Pantnagar with a history of anorexia, incordinated gait, and inability to open mouth. clinical examination revealed stiffness of the hind and fore limb, lockjaw, and anxious expression. The diagnosis was done on the basis of clinical signs. The kid was effectively managed with tetanus anti toxoid, Diazepam Penicillin G, meloxicam, fluid therapy, and other supportive drugs. Satisfactory recovery was seen after 7 days of the treatment.

Therapeutic Management of Tetanus in Surgically Castrated Pantja Goat (Capra hircus) Kid Authors Prashant Verma Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar Uttarakhand-263145 Niddhi Arora Department of Ve...