16/09/2026
India talks about sanitation. But who is paying the human cost of keeping it clean?
Manual scavenging means cleaning human excreta from dry toilets, where there is no water or flush system to move the waste. For the women who do this work, it can mean handling and carrying human waste directly, often without protective gear, while facing caste-based discrimination and social exclusion.
The work is dirty, degrading and physically hazardous. Yet for some Dalit women, it has continued across generations because poverty and the lack of other livelihood options leave them with little choice.
At Delhi’s Press Club of India, our reporter Sarthak Parashar spoke to women about the reality of manual scavenging and the future they want for their children.
Sanitation cannot mean dignity for one person and humiliation for another.