
31/07/2025
These jagged formations in western Madagascar form the core of the Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve, a terrain of uplifted Middle Jurassic limestone fractured by tectonic forces and gradually sculpted through prolonged exposure to rainfall and groundwater. Known locally as tsingy, or “where one cannot walk barefoot,” the term refers to the sharp-edged pinnacles and dense fissure networks, some plunging over 100 metres, which make much of the surface inaccessible without fixed belays, ladders, or suspended walkways. The vertical corridors trap moisture, sediment, and organic debris, fostering isolated microhabitats along narrow altitudinal gradients where botanists have documented 568 vascular plant species, most found nowhere else. Faunal endemism is similarly concentrated, with several lemur species including Decken’s sifaka and Cleese’s woolly lemur entirely restricted to this karstic ecosystem. The reserve was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its distinctive geomorphology and high biodiversity density.