25/05/2025
Spina bifida is a condition that starts in the womb, usually within the first month of pregnancy, when a baby's spine doesn’t close all the way. This leaves part of the spinal cord and nerves exposed or bulging out through the back. It’s a type of neural tube defect, and while it can range from mild to severe, the most serious form is called myelomeningocele—where both the spinal cord and its protective layers stick out through the gap in the spine.
Children born with this condition may have trouble walking, weakness or even paralysis in the legs, and issues controlling their bladder or bowels. In some cases, they also develop hydrocephalus, which is a buildup of fluid in the brain that can lead to learning problems or developmental delays. The severity depends on where and how big the spinal opening is. The exact cause isn’t completely known, but researchers believe it’s a mix of genetics and environmental risks.
One big factor is a lack of folic acid in the mother’s diet before and during early pregnancy. Other risks may include obesity, diabetes, or certain medications taken during pregnancy. Although spina bifida can’t be cured, early treatments like surgery, physical therapy, and assistive devices can help kids lead active, healthy lives.