
11/06/2025
Sachin Dev Burman ( 01 October1906 – 31 October 1975): S. D. Burman was a music composer who combined a firm grounding in Indian classical music with a mastery of Bengali and northeastern folk music to produce a body of work that had a lasting impact on the Hindi film industry. Among his many honours, he received the Sangeet Natak Akademi (National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama) award in 1958 and the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards, in 1969 for his contribution to music. His name also has been attached to a number of music awards from a variety of organizations. A member of the Tripura royal family, he started his career with Bengali films in 1937. He later began composing for Hindi movies and became one of the most successful and influential Indian film music composers. He composed the soundtracks for over 100 movies, including Bengali films and Hindi. Apart from being a versatile composer, he also sang songs in the light semi-classical and folk style of Bengal. His son, R. D. Burman, was also a celebrated music composer for Bollywood films. Burman's compositions were sung by the leading singers of the era, including Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Geeta Dutt, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar, Asha Bhosle, Shamshad Begum, Mukesh and Talat Mahmood. As a playback singer, Burman sang 14 Hindi and 13 Bengali film songs. S. D. Burman was born on 1 October 1906, in Tipperah Palace, Cumilla, Bengal Presidency (in present-day Bangladesh) to Rajkumari Nirmala Devi, the royal princess of Manipur and Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman of Tripura, son of Ishan Chandra Manikya, the Maharaja of Tripura. Sachin Dev was the youngest of the five sons of his parents, who had nine children in all. His mother died when he was just two years of age. S. D. Burman's first schooling was at Kumar Boarding in Agartala, Tripura. Burman's father, Raja Nabadweepchandra Deb Burman noticed the teachers were more busy with pampering the sons of the nobility than educating them. Burman's father took him from Kumar Boarding and admitted him at Yusuf School in Cumilla, before he was admitted in Class V in Cumilla Zilla School. He completed his Matriculation in 1920 at the age of 14. He then got admitted at Victoria College, Cumilla, which is presently Cumilla Victoria Government College from where he passed his IA in 1922 and then BA in 1924. Thereafter he left for Calcutta to start an MA in Calcutta University, which he did not finish as music got the better of him for good. He started his formal music education by training under the blind musician K. C. Dey from 1925 to 1930; thereafter in 1932 he came under the tutelage of Bhishmadev Chattopadhyay who was only three years his senior. This was followed by training from Khalifa Badal Khan, the sarangi maestro and Ustad Allauddin Khan, the sarod player. He started working as a radio singer on Calcutta Radio Station in the late 20s, when his work as a singer-composer was based on Bengali folk and light Hindustani classical music. Consequently, his compositions were mainly influenced by his huge repertoire of folk-tunes from present Bangladesh and later other parts of India and around the world. His first record was also released in 1932 (Hindustan Musical Product), with "Khamaj" (semi classical), "E Pathey Aaj Eso Priyo" on one side and the folk "Dakle Kokil Roj Bihane" on the reverse side, on 78 rpm for Hindustan Records. In the following decade, he reached his peak as a singer, cutting as many as 131 songs in Bengali and also sang for composers like Himangsu Dutta, RC Boral (1), Nazrul Islam (4), Sailesh Das Gupta (2) and Subal Das Gupta. He also sang for Madhavlal Master (1) and his son R.D. Burman. In 1934, he attended the All India Music Conference, at the invitation of Allahabad University, where he presented his Bengali Thumri, all to an illustrious audience, with the likes of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and the inimitable Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana. Later in the year, he was invited to Bengal Music Conference, Kolkata, which was inaugurated by Rabindranath Tagore, here again he sang his Thumri and was awarded a Gold Medal. As a music composer, he started with the Bengali plays Sati Tirtha and Janani and eventually gave his first score in the film Rajgee. In 1937, his second film Rajkumarer Nirbashan (1940) became a hit. He gave music in Bengali films such as Protishodh (1941), Abhoyer Biye (1942) and Chaddobeshi (1944). In 1944, he moved to Bombay at the request of Sashadhar Mukherjee of Filmistan, who asked him to give score for two Ashok Kumar starrers, Shikari (1946) and Aath Din, but his first major breakthrough came the following year with the company's Do Bhai (1947). The song Mera Sundar Sapna Beet Gaya sung by Geeta Dutt was his breakthrough song into the film industry. In 1949 came Shabnam, his biggest hit yet with Filmistan Studios, especially noticeable for its multi-lingual hit song Yeh Duniya Roop ki Chor, by Shamshad Begum, which became a rage in those days. In the 1950s, Burman teamed up with Dev Anand's Navketan Films to create musical hits like Taxi Driver, Nau Do Gyarah (1957) and Kala Pani (1958). In addition, he gave music for Munimji (1955) and Paying Guest (1957). His songs sung by Kishore Kumar and Mohammed Rafi became highly popular. Burman composed the music for Afsar (1950). With the success of their second film Baazi (1951), he made it to the top and a long association with Navketan and Dev Anand was on its way. Baazi's jazzy musical score revealed a new facet of singer Geeta Dutt, who was mainly known for melancholy songs and bhajans. One song from the film stood out – "Tadbeer Se Bigdi Hui Taqdeer", a ghazal that was occidentalised into a seductive song. The Jaal song "Yeh Raat Yeh Chandni" sung by Hemant Kumar is an all-time great classic. The song "Thandi Hawain" from the film Naujawan (1951) sung by Lata Mangeshkar was one of his first major hits. It made Lata very famous as also poet Sahir Ludhianvi who also wrote music for Guru Dutt's film Pyaasa (1957). The soundtracks of Devdas (1955), House No. 44 (1955), Funtoosh (1956) and Solva Saal (1958) were other S. D. Burman hits. In 1959 came Sujata and S. D. created magic again with "Jalte hain Jiske Liye" film song sung by Talat Mahmood. When Guru Dutt made his sombre masterpieces – Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), he was right on target with "Jinhe Naaz Hai Hind" and "Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam." In 2004, the soundtrack of Pyaasa was chosen as one of "The Best Music in Film" by Sight & Sound, the British Film Institute magazine. In Hindi cinema, his thin yet powerful voice was often used as bardic commentary to haunting results, as in "O Re Majhi Mere Sajan Hai Us Paar" from Bandini (1963), "Wahan Kaun Hai Tera" from Guide (1965) and "Saphal Hogi Teri Aradhana" from Aradhana (1969), for which he received the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer in 1970. In 1963, he composed the soundtrack of Meri Surat Teri Aankhen (1963), in which Manna Dey sang the song "Poocho Na Kaise Maine" in raga Ahir Bhairav. This song was inspired by the song "Arun kanti ke go yogi", a masterpiece that was created by Bidhrohi Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam and a Ustad Mushtaq Hussain Khan's Khayal which was based on raga Ahir bhairav (morning ragaa). That movie also had a song "Nache Mon Mora Magan", sung by Mohammad Rafi; these became landmarks in Hindi film songs. In Bandini, Sampooran Singh (well known as Gulzar), made his debut as a lyricist with the song "Mora Gora Ang Lai Le", though the other songs were written by Shailendra. Guide (1965) starring Dev Anand and Waheeda Rehman was probably the best of his work during the time with all the songs super-hits as well as the film; however, it did not receive the Filmfare Award in the best music director category for that year, which remained always a discussion among the Bollywood film pandits. S. D. Burman went into a coma soon after rehearsing the song "Badi Sooni Sooni Hai" (sung by Kishore Kumar) for the film Mili. After lingering in a coma for some days, he died on 31 October 1975 in Mumbai. On 1 October 2007, marking his 101st birth anniversary, the Indian Postal Service released a commemorative postage stamp, in Agartala, where an exhibition on his life and work was also inaugurated; the state government of Tripura also confers the yearly "Sachin Dev Burman Memorial Award" in music. Sachin Dev Barman Memorial Government Music college was built in Agartala, Tripura in memory of him which is also affiliated by Tripura University and recognised by University Grant Commission. His song "Ye Duniya Agar Mil Bhi Jaye" from Pyaasa sung by Mohd. Rafi was re-used in the 2022 film Chup: Revenge of the Artist.