
31/07/2025
Long before the invention of satellites and digital navigation systems, Muslim scholars and sailors of the Islamic Golden Age mastered the art of navigation using tools like the astrolabe. Their deep knowledge of astronomy, geography, and mathematics allowed them to determine direction, time, and location with remarkable accuracy.
One of the most notable pioneers was Al-Fazari, who is credited with constructing the first Islamic astrolabe in the 8th century. Then came Al-Battani, whose astronomical tables refined calculations of planetary motion and eclipses, later influencing Copernicus. Al-Biruni, a polymath of unmatched brilliance, accurately calculated the earth’s circumference and developed techniques to determine longitude and latitude. And Ibn Majid, the master navigator of the Indian Ocean, documented sea routes that helped sailors travel from Arabia to East Africa and beyond.