26/05/2026
Insane Aurora show from last night over Senja, Norway.
Extremely rare colors and formation.
Now, about those aurora colours and the science behind them:
The palette in this image — deep purples, vivid magentas, and eerie greens — actually maps quite well to real aurora physics. The colours come down to which gas molecules in Earth's atmosphere get struck by charged particles streaming in from the Sun (the solar wind), and at what altitude.
The greens are the most common aurora colour. They're produced by oxygen molecules being excited at altitudes around 100–300 km. When those oxygen atoms get hit by solar particles, they release photons at a very specific wavelength (557.7 nm), which our eyes perceive as that ghostly yellow-green.
The purples and magentas come from nitrogen. When nitrogen molecules at lower altitudes (below ~100 km) get ionised — meaning electrons are actually stripped away — they emit blue and red light. The blend of those wavelengths is what your eye reads as purple or violet. Sometimes you also get purplish-pink hues from nitrogen recombining with electrons after being ionised.
The reddish tones near the horizon come from oxygen too, but at much higher altitudes (above 300 km). Up there, oxygen atoms are spread very thin and release energy more slowly, emitting at a red wavelength (630 nm) instead of green.
The whole process starts with the Sun ejecting bursts of charged particles during solar storms. Earth's magnetic field funnels those particles toward the poles, where they slam into atmospheric gases and excite them — causing them to glow. The swirling shapes come from the structure of Earth's magnetic field lines and shifting currents within the solar wind. The more intense the solar storm, the more dramatic and colourful the display.