28/09/2024
HADITHI HADITHI..... HADITHI NJOO
SATURDAY EVENING
The story of **Odysseus**, one of the greatest Greek heroes, is told primarily in *Homer's Odyssey*, a poem that narrates his ten-year journey home after the Trojan War. Here are the key highlights of **Odysseus' adventures**:
# # # 1. **The Trojan War**
Odysseus played a crucial role in the Greek victory over Troy. He devised the idea of the Trojan Horse, a giant wooden horse in which Greek soldiers hid. The Trojans, thinking it was a gift, brought it into their city, allowing the Greeks to launch a surprise attack and win the war.
# # # 2. **The Lotus-Eaters**
On his way back to Ithaca, Odysseus and his crew land on the island of the Lotus-Eaters. The inhabitants offer them lotus fruit, which makes anyone who eats it forget their home and desire only to stay. Odysseus manages to drag his men back to the ship and sails away before they succumb to the fruit’s effects.
# # # 3. **The Cyclops Polyphemus**
One of the most famous episodes occurs when Odysseus and his crew are trapped in the cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus, a one-eyed giant. To escape, Odysseus tricks the Cyclops by telling him his name is "Nobody." After getting Polyphemus drunk, Odysseus blinds him with a sharpened stake. When Polyphemus calls for help, he says that "Nobody" is hurting him, so no one comes to his aid. The crew then escapes by clinging to the bellies of Polyphemus's sheep as they are let out of the cave.
# # # 4. **Circe’s Island**
Odysseus and his men next arrive on the island of the enchantress Circe, who turns many of his men into pigs. With the help of the god Hermes, Odysseus resists her magic and convinces her to return his men to human form. Odysseus stays with Circe for a year before continuing his journey.
# # # 5. **The Land of the Dead**
Odysseus visits the Underworld to speak to the blind prophet Tiresias. Tiresias tells him how to return home to Ithaca and warns him of future dangers, including the temptation to harm the sacred cattle of the sun god, Helios. While in the Underworld, Odysseus also speaks to the spirits of his mother and several fallen comrades from the Trojan War.
# # # 6. **The Sirens**
Sailing past the island of the Sirens, whose enchanting songs lure sailors to their deaths, Odysseus plugs his men’s ears with beeswax and has himself tied to the mast of the ship. He wants to hear the Sirens' song without succumbing to it, and by doing so, his crew safely sails past the danger.
# # # 7. **Scylla and Charybdis**
Odysseus must navigate between two terrible monsters: **Scylla**, a six-headed sea monster, and **Charybdis**, a deadly whirlpool. Following Circe's advice, Odysseus chooses to sail closer to Scylla, losing six of his men to the monster but avoiding the whirlpool that would have destroyed the entire ship.
# # # 8. **The Cattle of the Sun God**
Odysseus and his men land on the island of Helios, the sun god. Despite warnings, his men slaughter and eat Helios's sacred cattle. In revenge, Helios demands that Zeus punish them. Zeus sends a storm that destroys Odysseus’s ship, killing all of his crew, and leaving him as the sole survivor.
# # # 9. **Calypso's Island**
Odysseus washes ashore on the island of the nymph **Calypso**, who falls in love with him and keeps him as her captive for seven years. Eventually, the gods intervene, and Calypso, under orders from Zeus, reluctantly lets Odysseus go. She helps him build a raft, and he continues his journey home.
# # # 10. **Return to Ithaca**
After many trials, Odysseus finally reaches Ithaca. However, his home has been overrun by suitors vying for the hand of his wife, **Penelope**, believing him to be dead. Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus reunites with his son **Telemachus**. Together, they plot the downfall of the suitors. In a final test of strength and cunning, Odysseus reveals his identity by successfully stringing his great bow and shooting an arrow through twelve axe heads. With the help of Telemachus and a few loyal servants, he slays all the suitors and reclaims his home and family.
# # # 11. **Reunion with Penelope**
Penelope tests Odysseus to ensure that he is truly her husband. She tells him that she has moved their bed, but Odysseus knows that the bed is immovable because it was built from a living olive tree. This knowledge proves his identity, and Penelope finally embraces him as her long-lost husband.
Odysseus’s journey home is marked by constant trials that test his cleverness, bravery, and loyalty, making him one of the most enduring figures in Greek mythology.