JoyLink Medical Centre

28/06/2025

Eczema Vs Psoriasis: Important difference ✅

06/06/2025

Not all cells with cancer-linked mutations turn into tumors—so what makes some vulnerable while others stay normal? A new study from researchers at Sinai Health in Toronto has found that the key may lie in how fast a cell divides. They discovered that cells with a shorter total cell cycle duration (Tc)—the time it takes to complete a full division—are much more likely to develop into tumors. This insight could help explain why cancer arises in some tissues but not others, even when the same dangerous mutations are present.

The team started with retinoblastoma, a childhood eye cancer caused by mutations in the Rb gene. They found that mice with mutated Rb genes developed tumors only in specific areas—like the pituitary gland—even though the same mutated cells were present throughout the body. When researchers looked deeper, they noticed that the cells that turned cancerous all had shorter division cycles. This trend was consistent across multiple tissues and various mutations, including ones commonly seen in lung and skin cancers.

Even more interesting, slowing down a cell’s cycle—even without triggering cell death or immune clearance—was enough to stop tumors from forming. Blocking the SKP2–p27–CDK2/CDK1 pathway slowed division and prevented cancer, without changing the cell’s other behaviors. This finding shifts the focus away from only genetic mutations or immune evasion, and toward the role of a cell’s behavior after mutation—especially how fast it divides.

The researchers believe this discovery could change how we think about cancer’s origins and even help identify the specific “cell of origin” in various cancers. It also opens the door to new ways of preventing cancer by targeting cell division speed, offering a fresh approach beyond traditional treatments.

26/05/2025

Sites of Blood Production in the First Six Months of Life (Fetal Hematopoiesis)
Mesoblastic Stage (Yolk Sac) – 0 to 2 months gestation

Blood formation begins in the yolk sac.

Produces primitive nucleated red blood cells.

Hepatic Stage (Liver) – 2 to 6 months gestation

Liver becomes the main site of hematopoiesis.

Also includes some activity in spleen, lymph nodes.

Produces definitive erythrocytes, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes.

Medullary Stage (Bone Marrow) – Begins around 5–6 months gestation

Bone marrow takes over as the primary site.

Continues throughout life as the central site of hematopoiesis.

Summary:
0–2 months: Yolk sac

2–6 months: Liver (main site) and spleen

After 5–6 months: Bone marrow becomes dominant

Reference:
Ghai OP. Essential Pediatrics. 10th ed. CBS Publishers; 2023.

Robbins & Cotran. Pathologic Basis of Disease. 10th ed. Elsevier; 2020.

23/05/2025

🔴Myocardidl Infarction📌⤵️🔹

23/05/2025

▎why is Ceftriaxone 💉 contraindicated in neonate ?

In neonates, it is essential not to use it in patients with hyperbilirubinemia.

✅ Because it causes the displacement of bilirubin bound to albumin.

♻️ This increases the level of free bilirubin, thereby increasing the chance of it spreading to the brain, which makes them more susceptible to kernicterus.

✅ So, what is kernicterus? 🤔
It is a type of brain damage that occurs due to high levels of bilirubin in the brain.

So Ceftriaxone is contraindicated in neonates who are less than 28 days old and are receiving calcium-containing IV solutions.

©️ Brilliant Midwives

19/05/2025

Types of Fluids.

19/05/2025

...... GCS.........

16/05/2025

🔴The Major and Minor criteria for the diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever.⤵️🔹

13/05/2025

Diabetic gastroparesis.

The image illustrates normal gastric emptying, stomach anatomy, and gastroparesis, a condition causing slowed digestion.

21/04/2025

17/04/2025

Treating people well is better than posting Bible verses everyday that you don't even practice. The giving hands are better than praying lips!