08/10/2025
Echoes of 2005: The Pukpuk Treaty and Luther Wengeâs Legacy
A true champion of our constitution has passed. Luther Wengeâs death on September 13, 2025, at age 65, is a reminder that the fight for Papua New Guineaâs dignity must continue. Weeks later, Australia and PNG signed the Mutual Defence Treatyâdubbed the Pukpuk Treatyâon October 6, 2025. On its surface, the pact appears to deepen bilateral ties. But to many, it resurrects the same sovereignty concerns Wenge challenged two decades ago.
Back when he was Morobe Governor, Wenge took on the Enhanced Cooperation Programme (ECP), arguing that it granted blanket immunity to Australian personnel in PNG and effectively treated our nation as unequal. The Supreme Court agreed, halting the program until constitutional compliance was restored.
Now, the Pukpuk Treaty mirrors many of those problematic elements:
Immunity and Jurisdiction
Australian defence personnel in PNG would enjoy sweeping immunities: for on-duty acts they fall exclusively under Australian jurisdiction, and PNG courts may be excluded from civil matters arising from official acts. Their persons, property, and residences are declared âinviolable.â
Contractors and embedded forces gain exemptions from local licensing, taxation, and import dutiesâconstraints that dwarf earlier agreements under the 1977 SOFA.
Access and Control Over Territory
PNG must allow âunimpededâ access to designated facilities for Australiaâs forces, for prepositioning, training, and operationsâwithout rent or local oversight. Australia may enhance or build new infrastructure and retain control over entry and use.
PNG would be barred from allowing third-party access (e.g. China) to these areas without Australiaâs approvalâundercutting our sovereign authority over national lands.
Military Integration and Mutual Obligations
Up to 10,000 PNG citizens could enlist in the Australian Defence Force, binding our people to Australiaâs security objectives.
An âarmed attackâ on either is defined as a common threat, triggering joint consultation and collective actionâyet without clear escape mechanisms or guardrails to preserve PNGâs independent decision-making.
Third parties may be permitted to support Australian operations on PNG soil with minimal oversight from Port Moresby.
Prime Minister Marape has sought to downplay the risks, insisting the treaty does not force PNG into conflict with China and that sovereignty remains safeguarded. Still, ratification has faced resistance within government, and critics accuse the leadership of bypassing transparency and consultation.
In effect, the treaty trades strategic control and initiative for aid and security guaranteesâmuch like foreign powers have done elsewhere in the Pacific. If Parliament ratifies it without amendment, it may enshrine a new dimension of dependency.
Wengeâs stand in 2005 was not just historicalâit was prophetic. His spirit demands that PNGâs defenders of sovereignty mobilize now. His allies must serve as watchdogs, demanding full disclosure, constitutional review, and true agency. Can they rise to the moment?