07/03/2026
I saw a Police officer carrying gun and was running after a suspect, why can’t he just sh00t him?
LEGAL MEDIA RESPONSE: The Common Misconception
A frequent question asked by the public, particularly when viewing pursuit videos online is: "Why didn't the officer simply sh00t the fleeing suspect?" The answer is rooted in the fundamental right to life and the strict legal protocols governing law enforcement. Under Nigerian law, a fi***rm is a tool of last resort, not a primary instrument for arrest.
When Is the Use of Force Justified?
According to the Nigeria Police Act 2020 and the Force Order 237, officers are prohibited from discharging fi***rms against a suspect merely for fleeing or resisting arrest. Lethal force is only permissible in the following extreme circumstances:
Self-Defense or Protection of Others: To stop a suspect who is about to kill or cause grievous bodily harm to a civilian or an officer.
Armed and Immediate Danger: When a suspect is armed and poses an immediate, life-threatening danger to the public.
Prevention of Violent Crimes: During active incidents of terrorism, armed robbery, or violent kidnapping where lives are at stake.
Absence of Alternatives: When the suspect cannot be apprehended by any other reasonable means (e.g., physical pursuit, warning sh0ts, or non-lethal equipment).
Core Principles of Engagement
Police authority is not absolute; it is guided by two legal pillars:
Necessity: Force must only be used when it is absolutely required to achieve a lawful objective.
Proportionality: The level of force applied must match the level of danger posed by the suspect.
Important Note: An unarmed suspect running away does not pose an "immediate threat to life." Therefore, shooting such a person is often considered extrajudicial and a violation of fundamental human rights.