24/07/2026
Geologist's corner
Difference Between Cleavage and Fracture
Know this that both cleavage and fractures are properties of minerals not rocks_
Today, let's look at the difference between cleavage and fracture, which are two important properties used to identify minerals.
Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along smooth, flat planes of weakness in its crystal structure. When a mineral breaks along these planes, it produces smooth, shiny surfaces that may reflect light. Because cleavage follows the internal arrangement of atoms, the broken surfaces are usually flat and regular.
For example, minerals like mica and feldspar exhibit cleavage.
Fracture, on the other hand, is the way a mineral breaks when it does not have cleavage. Instead of breaking along smooth planes, it breaks on rough, irregular, or uneven surfaces. These surfaces are usually not smooth and generally do not reflect light as well as cleavage surfaces.
A good example is quartz, which breaks with a conchoidal (shell-like) fracture.
In summary:
- Cleavage: Breaks along smooth, flat, regular planes of weakness and often reflects light.
- Fracture: Breaks along rough, irregular, uneven surfaces with no definite planes of weakness.
So, whenever you examine a rock or mineral:
- If the broken surface is smooth, flat, and shiny, it is most likely cleavage.
- If the broken surface is rough, uneven, and irregular, it is fracture.
Written by
Space Aisle