30/09/2025
✅ Engine Parts Explained: Camshaft, Cylinder Head, Valves, Pistons & More:
1. Camshaft –
The camshaft is a rotating shaft fitted with cams (lobes) that control the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. It ensures precise timing of air-fuel entry and exhaust gas exit, synchronized with piston movement.
2. Cylinder Head –
The cylinder head is bolted to the top of the cylinder block and seals the combustion chamber. It houses valves, spark plugs (in petrol engines), and sometimes the camshaft. It also has passages for coolant and lubricating oil.
3. Valves –
Valves regulate airflow into and out of the combustion chamber. Intake valves allow the air-fuel mixture (or air in diesel engines) to enter, while exhaust valves release burnt gases. Their timing is crucial for efficient engine operation.
4. Cylinders –
Cylinders are hollow, round chambers in which pistons move up and down. They form the main space for combustion. Engines can have multiple cylinders (e.g., 4, 6, 8) arranged in different layouts such as inline or V-type.
5. Cylinder Block –
The cylinder block is the main body of the engine. It contains the cylinders, coolant passages, oil galleries, and provides mounting for the crankcase and other components. It is usually made of cast iron or aluminum.
6. Piston –
Pistons are cylindrical parts that move inside the cylinders, transmitting the force of combustion to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. They also help compress the air-fuel mixture before ignition.
7. Flywheel –
The flywheel is a heavy rotating disc attached to the crankshaft. It stores rotational energy, smoothens engine power delivery, and assists in starting and clutch operation.
8. Crankcase –
The crankcase encloses the crankshaft and connecting rods. It acts as the engine’s lower body, storing lubricating oil and providing structural support.
9. Crankshaft –
The crankshaft converts the pistons’ reciprocating motion into rotational motion, which ultimately drives the vehicle’s wheels through the transmission system.