SamSal Ideas

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SOLAR CCTV CAMERAS AND STARLINK INSTALLATION
IT SERVICES AND TRAINING
HAM RADIOS CONSULTANT
ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCES
COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND TRAINING
DRONES AND CONFERENCE DEVICES
CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND SERVICES
GENERAL CONSULTANT🧬

10/06/2026

08/06/2026
OSI Model Layers🛜All - Application 7People - Presentation 6Seems - Session ...
08/06/2026

OSI Model Layers🛜

All - Application 7
People - Presentation 6
Seems - Session 5
To - Transport 4
Need - Network 3
Data - Data link 2
Processing - Physical 1

08/06/2026

07/06/2026

SUBNETTING IN NETWORKING

Subnetting is dividing a large network into smaller, manageable subnetworks. This helps to improve network performance, security, and efficient utilisation of IP address. The formula below is used:

- Number of Subnets = 2^n
Where n = Borrowed Bits
- Usable Hosts = 2^n − 2
Where n= Host Bits

For instance a network with IP address: 192.168.1.0/24

4 subnets can be created from the above network. To do this, the steps below comes in handy:

- Borrow 2 bits from the host portion
- New subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 (/26)
- Total subnets: 4
- Usable hosts per subnet: 62

The resulting subnets are:

- 192.168.1.0/26
- 192.168.1.64/26
- 192.168.1.128/26
- 192.168.1.192/26

The knowledge of subnetting is essential for networking professionals, students, and anyone preparing for networking certifications.

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Gombe

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