Faith TV

Faith TV for more information about original faith Nigeria Kaduna State

02/07/2022

Jesus not eat Pork - Deuteronomy 13-5; Hebrews 4:15 Leviticus 11:27

Christian - Eat pork ❎

Jesus pray daily 5 Times like Muslim - Mark 1:35, Mark. 14:23 , Luke 6:12
Christian Pray Every Sunday without following ❎
Mark 1:35, Mark. 14:23 , Luke 6:12.

Jesus Said my Lord your Lord = One Lord.
Christian = Jesus is a God, Jesus is a Holy 👻, Jesus Is a Father.❎

Jesus said, I was sent only the lost sheep of Isreal = Metthew 15:24

Christian - No you come for all mankind ❎

Jesus said - My self I can't do noting. Jhon 5:30

Christian - Jesus is all powerful. ❎

Jesus said - I said therefore unto you that ye shall die in your sins - Jhon 8:24

Christian - Jesus Died for our sins 😞 ❎

Jesus Book - God revealed to Jesus a new scripture, al-Injīl (the Gospel)

Christian - God chosen Paul for wrote the Bible. ❎

Paul was not one of the original 12 apostles chosen by Jesus.

Jesus said - John 14:16, Gospel
[For] I will ask [God] the [Creator], and He will give you another Comforter,

Christian - the comforter is a sprit. ❎

John 16:7, Gospel
Jesus said - Nevertheless I tell you the truth; it is expedient for you that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Comforter will not come to you; but if I depart, I will send him to you.

Christian - we don't want any comforter, we not agree with your rules.❎ 🔥

14/01/2022

In Luke 19:27, Jesus does not love his enemies, he said: "Bring my enemies to me and slay them in front of me."
In Matthew 10:34, Jesus said: "I did not come to spread peace but sword." ⚔️⚔️⚔️⚔️

The word 'sword' in the Bible is mentioned more than 300 times.
Jesus loves you ❤‍🔥 and 'died' ⚰️ for you is only a logo. Deuteronomy 24:16, Jeremiah 31:30, Ezekiel 18:20-21 and 1 Corinthians 3:8 falsified it.

Does God die (John 1:1-14 & Luke 19:18)?

So you worship a dead God?
A weak God!!!!
A powerless God (John 5:30)!!!

Jesus couldn't save himself how and so he could save you!
In Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34, he cried (when he was alleged to be on the cross) and shouted: "Oh my God, my God, my God. My God, My God, my God, and my God, why did you abondone me?!!!
Did he call himself?
DOES GOD pray in Matthew 26:39?!!!

Does God cried! 😭😭😭😭😭

𝗜𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝘁 🐜 𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘆𝗼𝘂, 𝗱𝗼𝗻'𝘁 𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗶𝘁, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝗶𝘁, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝘄𝗵𝘆?!!!First, It Suffices That the Ant Is Mentioned in the Qur’a...
26/12/2021

𝗜𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝘁 🐜 𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘆𝗼𝘂, 𝗱𝗼𝗻'𝘁 𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗶𝘁, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝗶𝘁, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝘄𝗵𝘆?!!!

First, It Suffices That the Ant Is Mentioned in the Qur’an, and an Entire Surah Is Named After It (Surat an-naml).

The Prophet ( ﷺ) Forbids Killing 4 Kinds of Animals: Ants, Bees, Hudhud( Birds), and Suradi( Hawk Like Sparrow).”

(Hadith Ahmad 3066, Abu Daud 5267 and Were Validated by Syuaib Al-arnauth)

For Us Muslims Alhamdulillah the Hadiths Is Enough and It’s the Command of Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) but

Let's Go on a Scientific Tour With This Living Creature...

𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗵: 🐜

Many People Are Bitten by an Ant Here and There.. But They Immediately Kill the Aggressor Ant. And Here Comes the Error..
It Is Forbidden to Kill an Ant, No Matter How Small It Is, as It Is a Living Creature. But Why Don't We Give Our Heartfelt Thanks to the Ant When It Gnaws at Us, Especially Since It’s Benefits Are Many.

𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝘀: 🐜

🐜1. An Ant’s Pinch Leads to Stimulating Blood Circulation and Increasing the Number of Red Blood Cells, Which Is Reflected on the Body’s Activity and Vitality.

🐜2. An Ant’s Pinch Activates the Neurons in the Brain Through Sensory Signals That Are Transmitted From the Place of the Pinch to the Sensory Cells at the Bottom of the Brain.

🐜3. The Human Body When It Is Exposed to More Than a Pinch in the Same Place at the Same Time Special Will Be Exposed to Cirrhosis of the Skin,

👉Intended Cirrhosis of the Skin to the Skin Becomes Resistant to Bacteria More, as the Skin Becomes More Tolerant to High Temperatures,

👉And in the Case of the Body for Many Suffered From Pinches in Different Places in the Body Will Coagulate the Blood, and
Intended to Blood Clotting: Is the Layer of Blood Be Somewhat of Blood Adamma Gives the Ability of the Blood Vessels More Resistant to Poisons the Hardest ... And Thus Help the Liver and Reduce the Burden With Him.

🐜4. Pinch the Ant as the Best Means of Dieting. When the Ant (the Female) Directs Its Pinch to the Desired Goal...
It Secretes a Quantity of Ionic Saliva, and the Strange Thing Is That This Saliva Burns All the Fats in the Pinched Organ...

For Example, if the Pinched Organ Is the Arm, Saliva It Will Gradually Spread Throughout the Arm and Thus.. It Will Burn 99% of the Fats That Are Found in the Arm...

Glory Be to Allah [swt]...

Muslim Believes That the Prophet [ﷺ] Has Forbidden to Kill the Ants and the Hadiths Is Authentic and the Rest.

Allah [swt] Knows Best.

Beware of a time
08/12/2021

Beware of a time

19/11/2021

The Quran, signs and science:
Allah ;The Creator; has been showing you these signs in the final Holy Book for over 1400 years and scientists have just come to know and establish as Scientific facts :
1-The universe is expanding:
We constructed the universe with power, and We are expanding it. (Quran51:47)
2-The heavens and the earth were one mass:
Do the disbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were one mass, and We tore them apart? (Quran21:30)
3- The origin of the universe is (Big Bang) and smoke:
Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come [into being], willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We have come willingly. And He completed them as seven heavens. " (Quran41:11-12)
4- Every living being is created from water:
And We made from water every living thing. (Quran21:30)

5-The sun and the moon each runs in its own orbit:
It is He who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; each floating in an orbit. .(Quran21:33)
6- The sun is a lamp but the moon is not a lamp:
Do you not realize that Allah created seven heavens in layers? And He set the moon in their midst for light, and He made the sun a lamp.(Quran71:15-16)

**And We constructed above you seven strong [heavens]
And made [therein] a burning lamp . (Quran 78:12-13)

7-The Earth is round :
He created the heavens and the earth with reason. He wraps the night around the day, and He wraps the day around the night. And He regulates the sun and the moon, each running along a specific course. He is indeed the Almighty, the Forgiver . (Quran39:5)
8-The baby inside the womb can hear before it can see (Please focus on the order) :
We created man from a liquid mixture, to test him; and We made him hearing and seeing. (Quran76:2)

9-The finger tips are the hardest to reconstruct because everyone has unique finger tips and prints:
Does man think that We will not reassemble his bones? Yes indeed; We are Able to reconstruct his fingertips. (Quran75:3-4)

10 - The job of the mountains is to stabilize the land (the land is floating on deep water like a huge ship):
And We placed in land mountains, lest it sways with them (Quran21:31)

11- Mountains are like pegs ; most of the mountain is under the ground (looks like ice mountain in the ocean) :
Have We not made the earth a resting place?
And the mountains as pegs?(Quran 78:6-7)

12- The sky is a constructed ceiling:

And We made the sky a protected ceiling; yet they turn away from its wonders. (Quran21:32)

13-Ants and every living being speak :

an ant said, “O ants! Go into your homes , lest Solomon and his troops crush you without noticing.”
(Quran27:18:)

14- The higher you go up the less oxygen to breathe:
Whomever Allah desires to guide, He spreads open his heart to Islam; and whomever He desires to misguide, He makes his heart narrow, constricted, as though he were climbing up the sky.
(Quran6:125)

15- Deep in the ocean is too dark to see your hand . Also there are internal waves : (2 facts) :

Or like utter darkness in a vast ocean, covered by waves, above which are waves, above which is fog. Darkness upon darkness. If he brings out his hand, he will hardly see it. He to whom Allah has not granted a light has no light. (Quran24:40)

16- Where any two seas meet , there is a barrier between them :
He merged the two seas, converging together.
Between them is a barrier, which they do not overrun. (Quran55:19-20)

17- The weakest of all home is the spider’s :
The likeness of those who take to themselves protectors other than Allah is that of the spider. It builds a house. But the most fragile of houses is the spider’s house. If they only knew. (Quran29:41)

18- The most annoying of all voices is the donkey’s :
And moderate your stride, and lower your voice. The most repulsive of voices is the donkey’s voice.” (Quran31:19)

19- Iron was sent down and there is a relationship between iron and number 57 :
And We sent down iron with its great might, benefits for humanity, and means for Allah to prove who ˹is willing to˺ stand up for Him and His messengers without seeing Him. Surely Allah is All-Powerful, Almighty. ( Quran 57 : 25)
20 - A relationship between bees and number 16:
And your Lord inspired the bees: “Make ˹your˺ homes in the mountains, the trees, and in what people construct .Then eat from all the fruits and follow the ways of your Lord laid down [for you]." There emerges from its bellies a drink, varying in colors, in which there is healing for people. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who give thought. (16:68-69)
Please note :
Chapter number 57 of The Holy Quran is called “ The Iron” and chapter number 16 is called “ The bees”
57 is the atomic weight for iron and 16 is the number of chromosomes in the male bee and the female has 32(16x2).
Allah commands the female bee to make their homes and He describes the female bee to have bellies and not one belly. The female bee has more than one belly and it is the female, not the male who builds their homes. (In Arabic grammar, addressing the female is different from addressing the male, English does not have that).
21- The early microscopic stages of the fetus :

O mankind! if ye have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of s***m, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (our power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, Quran 22:5)

22- The atom has a weight and it is not the smallest thing in nature:

Not even the weight of an atom, on earth or in the sky, escapes your Lord, nor is there anything smaller or larger, but is in a clear record.. (Quran 10:61)
23- Relationship between rain and earthquakes and they are both good for the earth:
And among His signs is that you see the earth in “state down” (still) , but as soon as We send down rain upon it, it shakes and becomes “ state up” . Indeed, the One Who revives it can easily revive the dead. He is certainly Most Capable of everything. (Quran41:39)

24- Sensation is in the skin not flesh or brain:
Those who reject Our revelations—We will scorch them in a Fire. Every time their skins are cooked, We will replace them with other skins, so they will experience the suffering. Allah is Most Powerful, Most Wise. (Quran4:56)
25 – The Quran has a better description for what scientists call black holes, it is the vacuuming planets ( They vacuum space from exploded stars):
So verily, I swear by the planets that recede (i.e. disappear during the day and appear during the night ) ; the planets that move swiftly while vacuuming .(81:15-16)

*** When the universe is not needed anymore and the test for the last humans is over this will happen:

26- The sun is not round now as you think but it will be:
When the sun is wound round . (Quran 81:1)

27- The Sun and the moon will become one mass :
And the sun and the moon are joined, (Quran 75:9)
28- The mountains will pass away like clouds:
And when the mountains are made to pass away (Quran 81:3)
29-Huge mega earthquake the strongest one ever will happen causing the heavy weights of the earth to come out from inside the earth :

When the earth is shaken with its (final) earthquake.
And when the earth throws out its weights.(99:1-2)
30- The sky will be stripped off and folded :
And when the heaven is stripped off and taken away from its place (81:11)

31- The water in the seas and oceans will be replaced by fire:
And when the seas become blazing Fire (81:6)

32- The heavens and the earth will be one mass again:
He asks, "When is the Day of Resurrection?"
So when vision is dazzled
And the moon darkens
And the sun and the moon are joined,
Man will say on that Day, "Where is the [place of] escape?"
No! There is no refuge.
To your Lord, that Day, is the [place of] permanence.
Man will be informed that Day of what he sent ahead and kept back.
Rather, man, against himself, will be a witness,
Even if he presents his excuses. (Quran75:6-15)

***Where will we be?
New earth and new heavens:
[It will be] on the Day the earth will be replaced by another earth, and the heavens [as well], and all creatures will come out before Allah, the One, the Prevailing. (Quran14:48)

***The Creator shows you His signs:
We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it(The Quran) is the truth (Quran41:53)

Those are some but not all of the signs.
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
So compete with one another for forgiveness from your Lord and a Paradise as vast as the heavens and the earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah and His messengers. This is the favour of Allah. He grants it to whoever He wills. And Allah is the Lord of infinite bounty. (Quran57:21)

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
Allah - there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of [all] existence. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is [presently] before them and what will be after them, and they encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High, the Most Great.
Let there be no compulsion in religion, for the truth stands out clearly from falsehood. So whoever renounces false gods and believes in Allah has certainly grasped the firmest, unfailing hand-hold. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (Quran 2:255-256)
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
1 Say, “He is Allah, the One.
2 Allah, the Absolute.
3 He begets not, nor was He begotten.
4 And there is none comparable to Him.”(Quran 112:1-4)

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
The Messiah, son of Mary, was no more than a messenger. ˹Many˺ messengers had ˹come and˺ gone before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They both ate food. See how We make the signs clear to them, yet see how they are deluded ˹from the truth˺! Say, ˺ “How can you worship besides Allah those who can neither harm nor benefit you? And Allah ˹alone˺ is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (Quran 5: 75-77)
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
Truly, the likeness of Jesus with Allah, is as the likeness of Adam, He created him (Adam) from dust then He said to him "Be" and he was. (Quran 3:59)
(Both Adam and Jesus were created without a father)

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
Today I have perfected your religion for you and have completed My blessings upon you, and I have approved Islam as a religion for you. (Quran 5: 3)

04/11/2021

The Bible and the Quran on the birth of Jesus:

The Bible:
Matthew 1:18-25
English Standard Version
The Birth of Jesus Christ
18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ[a] took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been betrothed[b] to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. 19 And her husband Joseph, being a just man and unwilling to put her to shame, resolved to divorce her quietly. 20 But as he considered these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, “Joseph, son of David, do not fear to take Mary as your wife, for that which is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. 21 She will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.” 22 All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet:
23 “Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son,
and they shall call his name Immanuel”
(which means, God with us). 24 When Joseph woke from sleep, he did as the angel of the Lord commanded him: he took his wife, 25 but knew her not until she had given birth to a son. And he called his name Jesus.
The Quran :
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
And make mention of Mary in the Scripture, when she had withdrawn from her people to a chamber looking East, (16) And had chosen seclusion from them. Then We sent unto her Our Spirit and it assumed for her the likeness of a perfect man. (17) She said: Lo! I seek refuge in the Beneficent One from thee, if thou art God-fearing. (18) He said: I am only a messenger of thy Lord, that I may bestow on thee a faultless son. (19)
She said: How can I have a son when no mortal hath touched me, neither have I been unchaste? (20) He said: So (it will be). Thy Lord saith: It is easy for Me. And (it will be) that We may make of him a Revelation for mankind and a mercy from Us, and it is a thing ordained. (21) And she conceived him, and she withdrew with him to a far place. (22) And the pangs of childbirth drove her unto the trunk of the palm-tree. She said: Oh, would that I had died ere this and had become a thing of naught, forgotten! (23) Then (one) cried unto her from below her, saying: Grieve not! Thy Lord hath placed a rivulet beneath thee, (24)
And shake the trunk of the palm-tree toward thee, thou wilt cause ripe dates to fall upon thee. (25) So eat and drink and be consoled. And if thou meetest any mortal, say: Lo! I have vowed a fast unto the Beneficent, and may not speak this day to any mortal. (26) Then she brought him to her own folk, carrying him. They said: O Mary! Thou hast come with an amazing thing. (27) O sister of Aaron! Thy father was not a wicked man nor was thy mother a harlot. (28)
Then she pointed to him. They said: How can we talk to one who is in the cradle, a young boy? (29) He spake: Lo! I am the slave of Allah. He hath given me the Scripture and hath appointed me a Prophet, (30) And hath made me blessed wheresoever I may be, and hath enjoined upon me prayer and almsgiving so long as I remain alive, (31) And (hath made me) dutiful toward her who bore me, and hath not made me arrogant, unblest. (32) Peace on me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive! (33)
Such was(Isa) Jesus, son of Mary: (this is) a statement of the truth concerning which they doubt. (34) It befitteth not (the Majesty of) Allah that He should take unto Himself a son. Glory be to Him! When He decreeth a thing, He saith unto it only: Be! and it is. (35) And lo! Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So serve Him. That is the right path. (36)
The sects among them differ: but woe unto the disbelievers from the meeting of an awful Day. (37) How well they hear and see and hear them on the Day they come unto Us! yet the evil-doers are to-day in error manifest. (38) And warn them of the Day of anguish when the case hath been decided. Now they are in a state of carelessness, and they believe not. (39) Lo! We Only, We inherit the earth and all who are thereon, and unto Us they are returned. (Quran 19 :16-40)
The IQ Test:
According to the Bible or the Quran you find the following:
- Mary did not know how nor why she got pregnant.
- Mary knew in advance how and why she would get pregnant
- Mary’s kind of pregnancy seems as if it was a common case.
- Mary’s kind of pregnancy is the first and last case.
- Mary’s pregnancy appeared to everyone as a pregnant wife by her husband.
- Mary’s pregnancy appeared to everyone to be a miracle proven by another miracle (talking baby)
- Mary had nothing to say or do.
- Mary had a lot to say and do.
- Baby Jesus had nothing to say or do.
- Baby Jesus had a lot to say and a miracle to show.
- Joseph is the main person.
- Joseph does not exist.
- The miraculous birth of Jesus was proven to everyone in her community.
- The miraculous birth of Jesus was not proven to anyone in her community.
- Jesus was born in the summer.
- Not known what season he was born.
- The belief that Jesus was born in a miracle and he is a man god is based on a dream of a non –prophet man and a non- fulfilled prophecy of an unknown prophet.
- The belief that Jesus was born in a miracle was proved by another miracle witnessed by everyone in the community (speaking infant).
- The Bible says the child born from The Virgin Mary is to be called Emmanuel but Bible followers do not call him Emmanuel.
- The Quran says the child born from The Virgin Mary is to be called Isa and Quran followers call him Isa.
- The angel assumed for Mary the likeness of a perfect man while she was awake and introduced himself saying “I am a messenger of thy Lord”.
- The form of the angel that appeared to Joseph in his sleep is unknown ? , is it the form of a bird, snake or did joseph just hear a voice?
How did Joseph know it was an angel?!
Especially he wanted joseph to ruin God’s miracle and make it appear to everyone as a normal child born to a married couple, and to name the child “Jesus” ; a different name other than the name revealed by God to the Prophet; “ they shall call his name Immanuel”?!
- Everyone in Mary’s community reacted to the miraculous birth of Jesus.
- No one in Mary’s community reacted to the miraculous birth of Jesus.
- The story of Mary is mentioned in the name of an unknown Mathew.
- The story of Mary is mentioned In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.

----The End of the Test!
* Would you be surprised when you visit any Christian church in any of the 22 countries of the Middle East where “ Jesus” lived and open any Bible there and find the only name for God is Allah ?!
Also in any Christian church in Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Turkey and Israel even though those are not Arabic speaking countries?!
*Would you be surprised when you know the Bible you have says Jesus, while on the cross, was calling Allah for help, in his native language? :
The Death of Jesus
Mark 15:34
The Passion Translation
34 About three o’clock, Jesus shouted with a mighty voice in Aramaic,[a] “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?”—that is, “My God, My God, why have you turned your back on me ?
• Joseph was called SON OF DAVID in the above verses by the angel and Jesus is also called SON OF DAVID in the following verses , what message the Bible writer wants to give by calling both Joseph and Jesus “SON OF DAVID”?!
Does he want to please those who believe Jesus as son of Joseph?!
22 And behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same region and cried unto Him, saying, “Have mercy on me, O Lord, THOU SON OF DAVID! My daughter is grievously vexed with a devil.”
23 But He (Jesus) answered her not a word. (Matthew 15:22-23)
Also :
John 6:42
King James Version
42 And they said, Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? how is it then that he saith, I came down from heaven?
`

05/10/2021

Rule of Law

The law, as we know, is, in its simplest sense, a body of abstract rules that enable, and order, the co-existence of individuals in a community.

The rule of law can thus be said to be the framework of rules and rights that enables a fair and prosperous society, based on four core principles:

1. The government and its officials and agents, as well as private persons and entities, are all accountable under the law

2. The laws are clear, public and just; they protect fundamental rights, including the security of persons and property; and are applied equally to all

3. The processes of enactment, administration and enforcement are accessible, equitable and efficient.

4. Justice is delivered in a timely manner by competent, ethical, and independent officials who are sufficient in number, have adequate resources, and reflect the makeup of the communities Shari’a Law.

Shari’a

Shari’a - Arabic: شريعة‎ šarīʿah, also known as Islāmī qānūn (اسلامی قانون) is the moral code and religious law of Islam, a prophetic religion. The law, as we understand it in the West – rules that regulate relations among people – is an integral part of shari’a. Rules of Islamic law are rules of shari’a, but not all rules of shari’a are rules of law.

The sources of Sharia are the Quran, the sunna and the hadith.

• The Quran is the collection of the utterances of God transmitted to Mohammed through Gibral – who Westerners know as the archangel Gabriel. What Muslims believe to be the utterances of Allah, were collected after the death of the Prophet Mohammed in 632 A.D. into 114 chapters comprising over 6,000 verses, in the Quran.

• The sunna are the words, practices, and approvals by way of silent assent, of the Prophet Mohammed during his life Recording such behaviours of leaders was a tradition in Arabia and Muslims incorporated this custom into Islam. The sunnah are second only to the Quran, as a source of Islamic law.

• The hadith are accounts of the deeds and sayings of the Prophet Mohammed, compiled from oral reports in society when they were compiled, after the death of the Prophet Muhammed. Bukhari's collection, considered by many scholars as the most 'reliable' was compiled two centuries after the death of the Prophet. Hadiths originate from the companions of Muhammad, and in Shi’a Islam, from Imams.

Beyond these simple principles of jurisprudence, the legal and constitutional applications of shari’a differ widely across the Muslim world. There is thus no simple answer to the question.

Legal systems in most non-Islamic countries are either “common law” systems and “civil law” systems. There are about twice as many countries with civil law systems, as there are common law countries.

The “common law” tradition emerged in England in the Middle Ages and was applied in Britain and British colonies around the world. The civil law tradition developed in continental Europe and was applied in Western Europe and the colonies of European imperial powers including France, Spain and Portugal. Civil law was also adopted in the 19th and 20th centuries by countries which formerly had distinctive legal traditions, including Russia and Japan, that reformed their legal systems to compete with Western European nation-states.

The common law system derives from the English monarchy, which issued “writs” to dispense justice . Because writs could not cover all situations, courts of equity were established to hear complaints and devise remedies based on principles derived from sources of authority including Roman law and “natural law”. Once decisions were published, it became possible for courts to rely on precedent and apply earlier judgements to current cases. This is the foundation of the “common law”.

Civil Law

Civil law is generally traced back to the code of laws compiled by the Roman Emperor Justinian in the 6th Century C.E. Authoritative legal codes with roots in these laws (or others) developed over many centuries in various countries, leading to similar legal systems, each with their own sets of laws.

The distinguishing feature of civil law is thus that it is codified. Countries with civil law systems have comprehensive legal codes that specify the rules applicable to all matters that may be brought before a court, the procedure applicable in each case, and the punishment for each offense. In a civil law system, the judge’s role is to establish the facts of the case and apply the provisions of the relevant code. The judge works within a comprehensive, codified set of laws, and his/her decision, unlike that of a senior court judge in the common law tradition, is less crucial in shaping law than the decisions of legislators and legal scholars who draft and interpret the codes.

The most significant development of civil law took place under the aegis of Napoleon I with the promulgation in 1804 throughout the Empire of the Code Civil, a typically Napoleonic mix of liberalism and conservatism, consolidating the gains of the revolution - the abolition of feudalism, equality before the law, and freedom of religion. Property rights, including the rights of the purchasers of “biens nationaux” were made absolute and the Code reinforced patriarchal power by making the husband the ruler of the household. The Code Civil was followed by a Code of Civil Procedure in 1806, a Commercial Code in 1807, a Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure in 1808 and a Penal Code in 1810. Most of the Code Civil was retained after the restoration of the Bourbons in 1815, and has served as the model for the codes of law of more than twenty states.

Despite these structural distinctions, there is nothing that prevents a state constituted in accordance with Sharia from applying the rule of law. Nothing in the Qur’ān, the Sunna, nor the Hadith requires Muslims to establish a state, but where Muslims do rule the Qur’ān, Sunna and Hadith define what constitutes good governance. These provisions do not comprise an ideal constitution, nor a detailed recipe for the conduct of a polity, but are instructive, and most legal scholars would argue, peremptory.

Most in the ulema agree that one cannot speak of an Islamic government or an Islamic state as a finished product. Islamic fiqh recognizes that states are social structures in social contexts, and that one can envisage different Islamic governance structures based on distinct social realities.

Some scholars believe that, to qualify as an Islamic state, a state must declare itself one: Only a simple declaration of faith (shahādah) is required to become a Muslim, and these scholars extrapolate from that, to assert the legal salience of a declaration of Islamic statehood.

Others note that the Medina Charter, which was a contract of rights and responsibilities between persons, does not mention an ‘Islamic state.’ A state cannot declare the shahādah because it is not a person created by God, but simply a legal entity comprised of persons, who either act in accordance with Islamic orthopraxis[i], or not, and will be judged individually for their actions. No state will be brought before God on Judgment Day and held accountable for its deeds; it is the leaders of the state who will be required to answer for their actions.

The scholars who take this view, argue that the character of a state is determined by its actions, and the effect these have on persons in society. A state cannot be a Muslim, but it can advance the practice of Islam.

All scholars agree that bay`ah (legitimacy deriving from the consent of Muslims) is crucial to an Islamic state. There is some dissent on the relative importance of (i) legitimacy and (ii) fulfillment of al maqāsid al-sharī`ah.

Those who argue that bay`ah is more important, argue that the meritorious effects of an illegitimate state are vitiated by the injustice that attends on its founding.

Despite contention about (i) the need for a state to declare itself as Islamic, and (ii) the conditions with which a leader must comply beyond bay`ah – classically shura (consultation) and ijma’ (consensus) – especially in achieving power, scholars agree that the outcomes of governance must be in line with Islamic principles. The structures, laws, and institutions of the state should create a society that manifests the principles of justice set out in the Qur’ān and the Sunnah. The outcomes of governance must ensure justice in society, consistent with al masalahah (best interests) of the people, by fulfilling al maqāsid al-sharī`ah: the protection and preservation of life, religion, mind, family, property and dignity.

[i] The obligations of Muslims are Shahadah, daily prayers (salat), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), almsgiving (zakat), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) if financially possible, at least once in a lifetime.
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