21/07/2026
The Origin of Oduduwa: The Edo Perspective on a Long-Standing Historical Debate (Part I)
By Comrade Dennis Igbinedion
The question of Oduduwa’s origin remains one of the most debated subjects in Nigerian history. It is particularly important because of its connection to the historical relationship between Benin and Ile-Ife, including claims that Oranmiyan, said to be Oduduwa’s son, founded the Benin royal dynasty.
Over the centuries, several accounts of Oduduwa’s origin have emerged from Ile-Ife traditions:
* One tradition claims Oduduwa descended from heaven with a chain, a cockerel, sand, and a palm nut to create the world.
* Another claims he was a prince from Mecca who fled because of religious disputes.
* A third suggests he came from a kingdom east of Ile-Ife.
Many respected Yoruba scholars, including Isaac Akinjogbin, Bolaji Idowu, and Isola Olomola, questioned these accounts. Their studies argued that Oduduwa neither founded Ile-Ife nor arrived in an empty land. They maintained that a thriving community already existed before his arrival.
If Oduduwa neither descended from heaven nor came from Mecca, then where did he come from?
The Edo tradition provides a clear answer.
According to Benin oral history, Oduduwa was Prince Ekaladerhan, the exiled son of Ogiso Owodo, the last ruler of the Ogiso Dynasty in Benin. After leaving Benin, Ekaladerhan travelled westward and eventually became known in Ile-Ife as Oduduwa.
This position has been consistently maintained by Benin historians and monarchs for decades.
In 1960, Enogie Edun Akenzua published the Edo perspective on the Benin-Ile-Ife relationship. In later years, Prince Solomon Akenzua, who became Oba Erediauwa, repeatedly defended the same position in lectures, public addresses, and eventually in his memoir, I Remain, Sir, Your Obedient Servant.
Oba Erediauwa argued that:
* Oduduwa was Prince Ekaladerhan of Benin.
* Oduduwa did not found Ile-Ife.
* Oduduwa was not the father of all Yoruba kings.
* Several Yoruba communities and rulers existed before Oduduwa’s arrival.
These claims sparked strong reactions from some Yoruba scholars and traditional rulers, including the late Ooni of Ife, Oba Okunade Sijuwade, who rejected the Benin account and maintained the traditional narrative that Oduduwa descended from heaven.
However, the debate did not end there.
Several writers, historians, and commentators later questioned the heavenly-origin story and called for deeper historical research. Some argued that the available evidence did not conclusively support the claim that Oduduwa descended from heaven or founded all Yoruba kingdoms.
Interestingly, support for further investigation came from different quarters, including respected Yoruba historians who acknowledged that the issue deserved more scholarly examination rather than outright dismissal.
Today, the origin of Oduduwa remains a subject of historical inquiry. While the Ile-Ife tradition presents Oduduwa as the ancestral founder of the Yoruba people, the Edo tradition identifies him as Prince Ekaladerhan of Benin.
The debate continues, but one fact remains clear: understanding Oduduwa’s story is essential to understanding the historical relationship between Benin and Ile-Ife, two of West Africa’s most influential civilizations.
To be continued…
A people without memory are like a tree without roots.