08/09/2026
The White-rumped Vulture (WRV; Gyps bengalensis), endemic to South and Southeast Asia, was once possibly the most abundant large raptor in the world. In 1985, renowned vulture expert, David Houston, wrote “It is very abundant throughout India… …Its ability to live alongside man probably makes it the least vulnerable of all vultures…”. Yet it was this close relationship with humans that ultimately led to the species’ downfall and near extinction, when millions of vultures were unintentionally poisoned by the veterinary drug diclofenac. This led to declines of more than 90% across South Asia.
Nepal has been particularly successful in eliminating diclofenac from the veterinary market, which has led to the rapid, albeit partial recovery of the WRV population.
Without the conservation actions of the last two decades, it is likely four species of vulture would have gone extinct. Our results are testimony to the work of Birdlife partner Bird Conservation Nepal with support from the Nepalese government to eliminate diclofenac from the veterinary market. But there is no time to be complacent: vulture populations across South Asia are still at historically low levels and prone to extinction. The need to further strengthen regulations around veterinary NSAID use is apparent; hence we welcome the Nepalese government’s decision to follow India’s lead and ban three more toxic drugs – aceclofenac, ketoprofen and nimesulide – that pose an existential threat to vultures. Hopefully, this will help prevent the roll-back of two decades of conservation success.