18/07/2024
Growing Olives in Central Otago
The oldest olive trees in Central Otago are located in Bannockburn, just outside Cromwell, and are about 30 years old. However, the vast majority are 10-15 years in age, with more trees being planted in recent years by small growers.
The main varieties grown in the region are Frantoio, Leccino, Pendolino, and a few Barnea, Minerva thrown in along with some table olive varieties. Frantoio & Leccino are by far the most popular as people, primarily planted for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) production. These are the most frost-tolerant, which is crucial for oil production in our southern climate.
The primary planting area is the Cromwell basin, with a few lifestyle blocks in Wanaka and surrounds, and Alexandra. In recent years weโve also pressed a small amount of fruit from a grower in Te Anau. While half a dozen sell their oils, most people harvest their olives for personal oil consumption.
Similar to growing grapes in a cool climate, olive growing is โon the climate limitsโ, striving to achieve ripeness before the winter frosts. This results in oils with high polyphenol counts and intense peppery flavours. With an average of 10-15kg per tree and a typical oil yield of 12-15% (on a good day), our costs of production are higher than other NZ regions. In 2023 our processing facility processed 70 tonnes of olives, with 60 tonnes harvested by handheld olive tools!
Our region benefits from low disease pressure thanks to a very dry climate, low annual rainfall, cold winters and summers of hot days and cool nights. Consequently, we use minimal inputs and no spray on the trees.
This seasonโฆ.a hot dry summer made irrigation essential. While most groves had good fruit sets, overall fruit quantities were lower than last year. Early May brought a series of severe frosts over days, with temperatures dropping below -5ยฐC in the coldest areas. This significantly impacted yields, leading to a reduced oil production this year. Many of our processing customers experienced a 10-30% decrease in their harvest.
Olivia Morris at Ollie's Olive Oil