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Diorama Paper Craft, 553 Grand Street, Catarman (2025)

02/10/2025

A team from Oxford University has discovered that the Celts, Britain's indigenous people, are descended from a tribe of Iberian fishermen who crossed the Bay of Biscay 6,000 years ago. DNA analysis reveals they have an almost identical genetic "fingerprint" to the inhabitants of coastal regions of Spain, whose own ancestors migrated north between 4,000 and 5,000BC.

The discovery, by Bryan Sykes, professor of human genetics at Oxford University, will herald a change in scientific understanding of Britishness. People of Celtic ancestry were thought to have descended from tribes of central Europe. Professor Sykes, who is soon to publish the first DNA map of the British Isles, said: "About 6,000 years ago Iberians developed ocean-going boats that enabled them to push up the Channel. Before they arrived, there were some human inhabitants of Britain but only a few thousand in number. These people were later subsumed into a larger Celtic tribe... The majority of people in the British Isles are actually descended from the Spanish."

Professor Sykes spent five years taking DNA samples from 10,000 volunteers in Britain and Ireland, in an effort to produce a map of our genetic roots.
Research on their "Y" chromosome, which subjects inherit from their fathers, revealed that all but a tiny percentage of the volunteers were originally descended from one of six Spanish clans who arrived in the UK in several waves of immigration prior to the Norman conquest.

02/10/2025

🚨 K-9 Enzo stabbed multiple times while working a barricade this afternoon. He is currently undergoing surgery. Please keep K-9 Enzo of Las Vegas Metro Police Department in your thoughts and prayers 🙏

02/10/2025

A ring with a Galilean telescope. In the 18th and 19th Century miniature telescopes were incorporated into all sorts of novelty items. This ring is French, circa 1820. The ring opens up to reveal a so called Galilean telescope with the combination of a convex or converging lens, and a dispersing lens. This system was developed in 1580 in Italy and later refined in the Netherlands. The first telescopes were not very powerful. It was not until Galileo that an enlargement up to 30 times was technically possible. Such telescopes became popular in the 18th Century.

02/10/2025

A Roman bronze colander from Pompeii, Italy, 1st century BCE

02/10/2025

‘Big T**s Potato Chips’ - 1930 - made in Dunn, North Carolina. ‘Big T**s was the nickname of Titus Tart, one of the owners in the Tart-Chestnut Co. The image is that of Mr. Tart.’

02/10/2025

In ancient times Fucine Lake in Abruzzo, central Italy, was a large endorheic lake with no natural outflow. The lake provided fish and fertile soil but was also the source of malaria and frequently flooded, so the Romans tried to drain the entire basin.
To accomplish this ambitious goal, Roman Emperor Claudius commissioned the construction of a system of canals, tunnels, and wells between 41 and 52 CE. Over 30,000 slaves and workmen are believed to have manually dug the tunnel system.
The main underground canal is a little over three miles (six kilometers) long and was the longest tunnel of its time until the construction of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel in 1871. The hydraulic works allowed water to flow out of the Fucine Lake into the Liri River on the other side of the mountain.
Thanks to these works, the water level was lowered, but the lake never got completely emptied. After the fall of the Roman empire lack of maintenance and earthquakes damaged the structures and the lake returned to its previous level, before being finally drained in 1878.
The ancient tunnel area has been turned into an archaeological park
Times

02/10/2025

The Foucault pendulum or Foucault's pendulum (at the Pantheon of Paris) is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault, conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. If a long and heavy pendulum suspended from the high roof above a circular area is monitored over an extended period of time, its plane of oscillation appears to change spontaneously as the Earth makes its 24-hourly rotation. This effect is greatest at the poles and diminishes with lower latitude until it no longer exists at Earth's equator.
The pendulum was introduced in 1851 and was the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the Earth's rotation. Foucault followed up in 1852 with a gyroscope experiment to further demonstrate the Earth's rotation. Foucault pendulums today are popular displays in science museums and universities

02/10/2025

Around 1,000 A.D., long before Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas, a young Icelandic explorer named Gudrid Thorbjarnardottir, known as the “Far Traveler,” embarked on a remarkable journey across the Atlantic. Gudrid’s story is one of courage, resilience, and exploration, as she not only settled in new lands but also gave birth to a son, Snorri, who is believed to be the first European child born in North America. Her adventures are chronicled in two Viking sagas, The Saga of the Greenlanders and The Saga of Erik the Red. While these sagas include fantastical elements like ghosts and dragons, they also contain historically significant details that have been corroborated by archaeological discoveries.
Gudrid’s life was intertwined with the Viking exploration of the North Atlantic. She was part of an expedition led by Thorfinn Karlsefni, which aimed to establish a permanent settlement in a place the Norse called Vinland, believed to be part of modern-day Newfoundland. This journey was part of a broader wave of Viking exploration that extended from Scandinavia to Greenland and eventually to the edges of North America. Gudrid’s role in these expeditions highlights the active participation of women in Viking society, not just as settlers but as key figures in exploration and colonization.
Archaeological evidence has lent credibility to Gudrid’s story. In 1975, a spindle whorl—a tool used for spinning wool—was discovered at L’Anse aux Meadows, a Norse settlement in Newfoundland. This artifact is significant because it suggests the presence of Viking women at the site, as spinning was traditionally women’s work. The settlement itself, dating to around 1,000 A.D., aligns with the timeline of Gudrid’s journey, providing tangible proof of Norse presence in North America centuries before Columbus.
Further evidence emerged in 2001, when archaeologists uncovered an ancient longhouse in Iceland’s Skagafjordur valley, a location described in the sagas as Gudrid’s final home. The structure was unusual for its time in Iceland, bearing a striking resemblance to the turf houses found at L’Anse aux Meadows. This architectural similarity suggests a direct connection between the two sites and supports the idea that Gudrid and her companions brought building techniques from North America back to Iceland. The discovery of this longhouse not only ties Gudrid’s story to a specific location but also underscores the cultural exchange that occurred as a result of Viking exploration.
Source: Women In World History

02/10/2025

Scientists have known for many years that Vikings built a village at L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland around the turn of the millennium. But a study published in Nature is the first to pinpoint the date of the Norse occupation. The explorers — up to 100 people, both women and men — felled trees to build the village and to repair their ships, and the new study fixes a date they were there by showing they cut down at least three trees in the year 1021 — at least 470 years before Christopher Columbus reached the Bahamas in 1492, Previously the date was based only on sagas — oral histories that were written down in the 13th century, at least 200 years after the events they described took place. The scientific key to the exact date that the Norse were there is a spike in a naturally radioactive form of carbon detected in ancient pieces of wood from the site: some cast-off sticks, part of a tree trunk and what looks to be a piece of a plank. Indigenous people occupied L’Anse aux Meadows both before and after the Norse, so the researchers made sure each piece had distinctive marks showing it was cut with metal tools — something the indigenous people did not have. But their stay didn’t last long. The research suggests the Norse lived at L’Anse aux Meadows for 3 to 13 years before they abandoned the village and returned to Greenland.
📷 A reconstructed Norse longhouse built beside the archaeological site at L'Anse aux Meadows in Canada's Newfoundland.

02/10/2025

The Roman ship named De Meern 1 was discovered in Veldhuizen, The Netherlands, in 1997. At the beginning the ship was left alone in the ground to preserve it but in 2003 it was decided to dig it up to prevent it from decaying because of the ground water.
The ship lies exactly on the border of the Roman empire and Germania and dates back to around 200 AD. The ship is 25 meters long and made from oak trees that grew in the Netherlands. The oak trees were felled around 148 AD. Evidence suggests that the ship wasn't sunk in battle against the Germanics but sunk by accident.

02/10/2025

Carl Emil Pettersson, a Swedish sailor, found himself in an extraordinary situation when his ship, the Herzog Johan Albrecht, sank off the coast of Tabar Island in Papua New Guinea on Christmas Day 1904. Stranded on the island, he was initially surrounded by the local inhabitants, who were rumored to be cannibals. However, instead of meeting a grim fate, Pettersson was taken to their king, Lamy. In a twist of fate, the king’s daughter, Princess Singdo, fell in love with him, and they married in 1907. This marriage not only secured his survival but also led to him becoming the ruler of the island after the king’s passing. Pettersson embraced his new life, establishing a successful coconut plantation and earning the nickname "Strong Charley" due to his remarkable physical strength.
Pettersson’s life on Tabar Island was filled with both triumphs and hardships. He expanded his plantations and became well-respected among the locals for his fair treatment of workers, which was uncommon at the time. His marriage with Singdo resulted in nine children, but tragedy struck when she passed away in 1921. Seeking a new wife to care for his children, he traveled to Sweden and later returned with Jessie Louisa Simpson, whom he married in 1923. Despite facing financial difficulties and health issues, Pettersson persevered, even discovering a gold deposit on Simberi Island, which later became one of the world’s largest gold reserves. Eventually, his declining health forced him to leave Tabar, and he passed away in Sydney, Australia, in 1937. His remarkable journey from shipwrecked sailor to island king remains one of history’s most fascinating tales.
Sources: Unknown Facts, The Historian’s Den

02/10/2025

In 312 AD, the Roman emperors Constantine and Maxentius faced each other in the famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge, which would have decreed the new master of the West.
The clash ended with the total defeat of Maxentius, who drowned in the waters of the Tiber. Furthermore, his head was recovered, hoisted on a spear and exposed to the people of Rome.
In 2005, a team of archaeologists, excavating on the slopes of the Palatine, found some curious objects: two spheres in gilded glass, a globe in chalcedony, the remains of four standard-bearers, some parade weapons and a magnificent sceptre. The finds were wrapped in linen and silk in a rudimentary pit, not far from the ancient imperial palace. Subsequent analyses showed that they were the symbols of Maxentius' power, which someone had hidden in a hurry so that they would not fall into the hands of Constantine. This precious treasure, which remained buried for almost 1700 years, is today preserved in the National Roman Museum.
Below is the sceptre of Emperor Maxentius.

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