05/02/2026
A 2025 peer reviewed study in Pediatric Research found that sustained breastfeeding is associated with differences in brain structure and cognitive outcomes from late childhood into early adolescence.
Read that again.
These associations were seen -YEARS- after breastfeeding ended.
This matters.
Breastfeeding is not just about infancy.
It is not just about antibodies or calories.
It is part of how the brain is built.
The study by Ottino González et al. was a longitudinal, observational neuroimaging study. Researchers followed children from late childhood into early adolescence and examined how duration of breastfeeding was associated with later brain structure and cognitive performance.
Using MRI brain imaging, the authors looked at specific brain regions involved in higher order functions such as cognition, learning, and executive function. They found that children who had been breastfed for longer durations showed measurable differences in brain structure compared with those breastfed for shorter periods or not at all. These structural differences were accompanied by associations with cognitive outcomes, meaning performance on tasks related to thinking and processing.
Importantly, this study does not claim breastfeeding causes higher intelligence. The authors are careful to describe associations, not causation. However, the findings remained significant even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, strengthening the evidence that early feeding experiences may play a role in long term brain development.
What makes this study especially notable is the timing.
The brain differences were observed years after breastfeeding had ended, extending into early adolescence. This suggests that breastfeeding may influence developmental trajectories, not just short term infant outcomes.
In simple terms
Breastfeeding appears to be linked with how certain brain regions develop over time, and those regions are involved in learning, cognition, and executive functioning.
That means breastfeeding support today can echo into childhood and adolescence.
This is why I advocate so loudly.
This is why pumping deserves protection.
This is why lactation support is not optional.
When we fail to support breastfeeding, we are not just impacting feeds today. We are potentially shaping long term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Breastfeeding support
is brain support 🧠✨
Ottino González et al.,
Pediatric Research, 2025. PMID 40382469