22/06/2025
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a chronic, often painful condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (called the endometrium) grows outside the uterus. Unlike the uterine lining, which is shed during menstruation, this abnormal tissue has no way to exit the body, leading to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions (bands of fibrous tissue that can cause organs to stick together).
Common Sites Affected:
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
The outer surface of the uterus
Pelvic lining
In rare cases, endometrial-like tissue may spread beyond the pelvic organs.
Symptoms:
Symptoms vary in severity and may not correlate with the extent of the disease. Common signs include:
Pelvic pain, often worse during menstruation
Pain during or after s*x
Pain with bowel movements or urination (especially during periods)
Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods
Fatigue
Infertility
Digestive issues (bloating, constipation, diarrhea)
Causes and Risk Factors:
The exact cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but several theories exist:
Retrograde menstruation: Menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity.
Immune system disorders: The body may fail to recognize and destroy endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus.
Genetics: Family history increases the risk.
Hormonal influences: Estrogen appears to fuel the growth of endometriosis lesions.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis can be challenging. Imaging tests like ultrasounds or MRIs may help, but the definitive diagnosis is often made through laparoscopy—a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to view and biopsy abnormal tissue.
Treatment Options:
Treatment depends on symptom severity, age, and whether fertility is a concern. Options include:
Medications:
Pain relievers (NSAIDs)
Hormonal therapies (birth control pills, GnRH agonists, progestins)
Surgical Treatments:
Laparoscopic removal or destruction of endometriotic lesions
In severe cases, hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered
Lifestyle and Supportive Therapies:
Diet and exercise adjustments
Physical therapy
Counseling or support groups
Impact on Fertility:
Endometriosis can make it more difficult to conceive, affecting about 30–50% of women with infertility. However, many women with endometriosis do go on to have successful pregnancies, sometimes with the aid of fertility treatments.
Living with Endometriosis:
Endometriosis is a long-term condition that can significantly affect physical and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis, a tailored treatment plan, and ongoing support can improve quality of life.
