18/05/2025
Here are 150 common computer terminology terms, categorized for easier understanding:
I. Hardware
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The "brain" of the computer, responsible for processing data.
RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory used by the computer to store data and programs.
Hard Drive/HDD (Hard Disk Drive): A primary storage device for data.
SSD (Solid State Drive): A faster storage device using flash memory.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Handles graphics and video rendering.
Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all components.
Power Supply Unit (PSU): Provides power to the computer.
USB (Universal Serial Bus): A standard connection for connecting peripherals.
Video Card/Graphics Card: Handles video output.
Optical Drive: Reads and writes data from optical discs like CDs and DVDs.
II. Software
Operating System (OS): Software that manages computer hardware and software resources.
Antivirus Software: Detects and removes malware.
Firewall: Protects your network from unauthorized access.
Application/App: Software designed for a specific task.
Web Browser: Software for browsing the internet.
Driver: Software that allows the OS to communicate with hardware.
Firmware: Software embedded in hardware, like a router.
GUI (Graphical User Interface): The visual interface of an operating system.
CLI (Command Line Interface): A text-based interface for interacting with the OS.
Software License: Grants permission to use specific software.
Backup: Creating a copy of data to protect against loss.
File: A collection of data, like a document or program.
Folder/Directory: A container for organizing files.
Icon: A small visual representation of a file, folder, or program.
III. Networking and Internet
Internet: A global network of interconnected computers.
Network: A group of connected devices sharing resources.
Modem: Allows computers to connect to the internet.
Router: A device that manages network traffic.
IP Address: A unique address assigned to a device on a network.
Domain Name: A user-friendly name for a website.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address of a specific web page.
Web Server: A computer that hosts websites.
Web Cookie: A small file sent from a website and stored on your computer.
Spam: Unwanted or unsolicited email.
IV. Programming and Data
Algorithm: A set of instructions for solving a problem.
Binary Code: A system of using 0s and 1s to represent data.
Bit: The smallest unit of data, a 0 or 1.
Byte: A group of 8 bits, a basic unit of digital data.
Gigabyte (GB): A unit of data storage (1 billion bytes).
Terabyte (TB): A unit of data storage (1 trillion bytes).
Kernel: The core of an operating system.
Cache: A temporary storage area for frequently accessed data.
API (Application Programming Interface): A set of rules and specifications that software components use to interact with each other.
Debugging: Finding and fixing errors in code.
Data Type: A classification of data, like integer, string, etc.
Database: An organized collection of data.
Algorithm: A set of instructions that a computer can follow to solve a problem.
