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“Billar Público — Cuadro de costumbres Filipinas,” 15 May 1860By C.W. Andrews (dibujante) & B. Giraudier (litógrafo)Impr...
28/11/2025

“Billar Público — Cuadro de costumbres Filipinas,” 15 May 1860
By C.W. Andrews (dibujante) & B. Giraudier (litógrafo)
Imprenta y Litografía de Ramírez y Giraudier, Manila

Inside a humble nipa structure, open to the breeze and shaded by a thatched roof, a lively scene unfolds: a group of Filipino men gathered around a stone-based billiard table, absorbed in the drama of a public game. Hats tilt, arms rest casually on knees, laughter floats in the air—this is billar público, a favorite pastime that once animated the social life of towns across the archipelago.

The men who fill this space represent a cross-section of everyday society: farmers still dusty from the fields, fishermen taking a break from the shore, traders and neighbors stopping by to watch a match. Public billiard halls were more than recreation—they were community hubs where stories were traded, rivalries formed, and friendships strengthened. Here, the game becomes a mirror of Filipino camaraderie, humor, and the rhythms of provincial life in the mid-19th century.

Andrews and Giraudier capture this moment with remarkable detail: the woven bamboo walls, the uneven stone support of the billiard table, the relaxed yet attentive postures of the players and spectators. It is a portrait not of grand events, but of everyday joy—a reminder that Filipino culture has long been shaped not only by struggle, but by shared leisure, laughter, and the small gatherings that knit communities together.

📜 Source: Billar Público — Cuadro de costumbres Filipinas
Lithograph dated 15 May 1860
By C.W. Andrews & B. Giraudier
Printed by Imprenta y Litografía de Ramírez y Giraudier, Manila
Repository: Biblioteca Nacional de España

Life in the Highlands — Kalinga, Luzon (1911–1921)This early 20th-century postcard captures a group of individuals—some ...
28/11/2025

Life in the Highlands — Kalinga, Luzon (1911–1921)

This early 20th-century postcard captures a group of individuals—some wearing traditional thatched rain capes—standing before classic nipa huts in the northern Philippines. Scenes like this offer a rare window into everyday life among the Kalinga people, reflecting their resilience, craftsmanship, and deep connection to their environment.

A timeless portrait of culture, shelter, and survival in the highlands of Luzon. 🏔️✨

📍 Luzon, Philippines — Kalinga
📚 Source: New York Public Library (NYPL), Wallach Division — Pacific Pursuits Collection

Women and Children Selling Fruit, Manila (Early 1900s)A vibrant slice of everyday life in early 20th-century Manila—Fili...
27/11/2025

Women and Children Selling Fruit, Manila (Early 1900s)

A vibrant slice of everyday life in early 20th-century Manila—Filipino women and children offer fresh fruits in the bustling streets of the capital. Photographed sometime between 1899 and 1935 by Charles D. Agnew, this scene reflects the resilience and entrepreneurial spirit of local vendors who kept the city’s markets alive.

Source: Wisconsin Philippines Image Collection, University of Wisconsin Archives

Mga Kaugalian sa Meycawayan: Tulong, Kasal, Pagluluksa, at Pananamit (1927)– Luz J. Laurel, Meycawayan, BulacanSa paglip...
27/11/2025

Mga Kaugalian sa Meycawayan: Tulong, Kasal, Pagluluksa, at Pananamit (1927)
– Luz J. Laurel, Meycawayan, Bulacan

Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang tanong ay nananatiling bukas: Naipapasa pa ba ang mga batas ng kaugalian sa Meycawayan sa kasalukuyang henerasyon?

Tulong at Pagkilala
Sa Meycawayan, ang pagtulong sa kaibigan, kamag-anak, o kakilala sa oras ng pangangailangan ay may kapalit na pag-anyaya sa tahanan. Ngunit kung ang isang tao ay tumulong sa iba ngunit hindi kinikilala ng komunidad, siya ay hindi itinuturing na marangal. Kapag siya ay nagipit, walang pupunta sa kanyang bahay — isang paalala na ang dangal ay nakaugat sa ugnayan.

Pista at Pagdiriwang
Ang mga tumutulong sa paggawa o sa mga ritwal ay binibigyan ng pagkain sa pista. Sa mga pagdiriwang ng tagumpay, ang mga nagbibigay ng engrandeng salu-salo ay binibigyang-pugay. Ang mga bata ay inaasahang humawak ng kamay ng nakatatanda bilang tanda ng respeto, at magsabi ng paumanhin sa pag-alis — isang ritwal ng paggalang sa tahanan.

Kasal at Pagluluksa
Ang mga tumakas na magkasintahan ay maaaring tanggapin muli sa tahanan ng magulang kapag sila ay ikinasal sa simbahan. Sa pagluluksa, hindi inaasahang magsuot ng itim ang mga nagdadalamhati o ang mga mahigit 70 taong gulang sa loob ng isang taon. May tatlong-araw o siyam-na-araw na pagtitipon para sa yumao, kung saan ipinagdarasal sila ng komunidad.

Pananamit at Katahimikan
Ang mga dalagang lampas 25 taong gulang ay inaasahang magsuot ng tradisyonal na kasuotan imbes na maikling damit. Sa kasalan, hindi inaasahang maging maingay, magpatugtog, o magsaya nang labis. Kadalasang ginaganap ang kasal sa bisperas ng Araw ng mga Santo — isang gabi na itinuturing na sagrado, dahil pinaniniwalaang tinatanggap ito ng mga yumao.

Kaugalian at Komunidad
Bagaman hindi batas ang mga kaugalian, ito ay sinusunod upang mapanatili ang maayos na ugnayan sa komunidad. Ang mga ito ay maaaring magkaiba sa ibang lugar, ngunit sa Meycawayan, ito ang batayan ng pakikitungo, paggalang, at pagkakaisa.

SOURCE: National Library of the Philippines – H. Otley Beyer Ethnographic Collection, Tekno-Aklatan

Marketplace in Manila — 1902Captured by C.H. Graves, this 1902 photograph offers a vivid glimpse of a bustling Manila ma...
27/11/2025

Marketplace in Manila — 1902

Captured by C.H. Graves, this 1902 photograph offers a vivid glimpse of a bustling Manila marketplace, set against the iconic backdrop of a church doorway. Scenes like this reveal the vibrancy of early 20th-century city life—where faith, commerce, and community converged in the heart of the Philippines.

📷 Photograph by C.H. Graves
📚 Source: Library of Congress

Malugod na Pagbati sa mga Bagong Nars ng Pilipinas!Sa bawat hakbang ng pag-aaral, sa bawat gabing ginugol sa pag-aalaga,...
27/11/2025

Malugod na Pagbati sa mga Bagong Nars ng Pilipinas!

Sa bawat hakbang ng pag-aaral, sa bawat gabing ginugol sa pag-aalaga, at sa bawat pagsusulit na nilampasan—narito na kayo. Tulad ng mga nars na nakatayo sa hagdanan ng Philippine General Hospital noong 1911, kayo rin ay bahagi na ng mahabang kasaysayan ng malasakit, karunungan, at paglilingkod.

Ang larawang ito, kuha mahigit isang siglo na ang nakalipas, ay patunay na ang propesyon ng pag-aalaga ay matagal nang kinikilala bilang haligi ng kalusugan ng bayan. Ngayon, kayo ang bagong mukha ng serbisyong may puso—handa nang tumindig sa mga ospital, barangay, at komunidad.
Mabuhay kayo, bagong nars ng Pilipinas!

Ang inyong tagumpay ay tagumpay ng kasaysayan, ng bayan, at ng bawat pamilyang Pilipino.

Casa Real de Malolos — 1929Taken in Malolos, Bulacan on Sunday, December 8, 1929. Known historically as La Casa Presiden...
27/11/2025

Casa Real de Malolos — 1929

Taken in Malolos, Bulacan on Sunday, December 8, 1929. Known historically as La Casa Presidencia de Malolos, this building was used by the Filipinos in 1898–1899 as the Imprenta Pública (Public Printer) during the First Philippine Republic.

🏛️ Source: U.S. National Archives — Photographs of American Military Activities (ca. 1918–ca. 1981)

Bilibid Prison — Manila (1899)Photographed in 1899 by G.C. Doher, this image shows the historic Bilibid Prison, one of t...
27/11/2025

Bilibid Prison — Manila (1899)

Photographed in 1899 by G.C. Doher, this image shows the historic Bilibid Prison, one of the most significant correctional institutions in the Philippines during the late Spanish and early American colonial periods. As a central detention facility, Bilibid housed a wide range of prisoners and became deeply intertwined with the political and social history of the era.

A stark glimpse into colonial justice and the lived realities of Filipinos at the turn of the century. 📜✨

📷 Photograph by G.C. Doher, 1899
📚 Source: Philippines Image Collection

“La Buyera,” 15 June 1859By C.W. Andrews (dibujante) & B. Giraudier (litógrafo)Seated on a bamboo platform beneath the s...
27/11/2025

“La Buyera,” 15 June 1859
By C.W. Andrews (dibujante) & B. Giraudier (litógrafo)

Seated on a bamboo platform beneath the shade of a nipa awning, this buyera—a traditional Filipina vendor—offers a glimpse into the vibrant everyday commerce of the 19th-century archipelago. With her long hair falling freely over her striped camisa and neatly folded pañuelo, she arranges her goods with practiced ease. Beside her sit woven baskets, clay cups, and bowls filled with produce—humble yet essential wares that fed the daily life of her community.

Market women like her were the lifeblood of local economies. They rose before sunrise, prepared their goods, and traveled by foot, banca, or carromata to the nearest plaza or roadside stall. More than traders, they were storytellers, negotiators, and connectors—carrying news from barrio to barrio and sustaining the pulse of village life. Her calm expression reflects both resilience and pride, the quiet strength of a woman whose labor ensured that families and travelers never went hungry.

Though drawn through a colonial lens, this lithograph preserves a powerful truth: behind every thriving pueblo was a network of hardworking Filipinas whose skill, wit, and endurance shaped the rhythm of everyday survival. The buyera stands among them—steady, enduring, and woven deeply into the fabric of our history.

📜 Source: Lithograph by C.W. Andrews & B. Giraudier, dated 15 June 1859
Repository: Biblioteca Nacional de España

Ifugao Method of Carrying Rice (1905–1909)This photograph by H. Otley Beyer captures an Ifugao man transporting rice she...
27/11/2025

Ifugao Method of Carrying Rice (1905–1909)
This photograph by H. Otley Beyer captures an Ifugao man transporting rice sheaves balanced on a pole—a traditional method perfected through generations. Practical, efficient, and deeply tied to the rhythms of highland agriculture, this technique reflects the enduring relationship between the Ifugao people and their harvest.

A glimpse into everyday strength and ancestral knowledge. 🏔️✨

📍 Ifugao, Philippines
📷 Photograph by H. Otley Beyer
🏛️ Source: Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology

Women at the Loom, Early 1900sTwo Filipino women work side-by-side on a traditional weaving loom—an enduring craft pract...
26/11/2025

Women at the Loom, Early 1900s

Two Filipino women work side-by-side on a traditional weaving loom—an enduring craft practiced across the archipelago long before the 20th century. Captured sometime between 1899 and 1935, this photograph offers a quiet but powerful look into the artistry, patience, and technical skill behind local textile production during the American colonial era.

Source: Wisconsin Philippines Image Collection, University of Wisconsin Archives

Batas ng Kaugalian sa Bigaa: Binyag, Kasal, Lipunan, at Lupa (1927)– Paz Gijvez, Bigaa, Bulacan, December 1927Sa paglipa...
26/11/2025

Batas ng Kaugalian sa Bigaa: Binyag, Kasal, Lipunan, at Lupa (1927)
– Paz Gijvez, Bigaa, Bulacan, December 1927

Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang tanong ay nananatiling bukas: Naipapasa pa ba ang mga batas ng kaugalian sa Bigaa sa kasalukuyang henerasyon?

Binyag: Pagpili, Pista, at Pananampalataya
Sa Bigaa, maaaring pumili ng ninong o ninang ang mga magulang bago pa man ipanganak ang bata. Kapag lalaki ang anak, ang napiling ninong ay maaaring tumulong sa binyag. Kahit ang mga mahihirap ay nagsasagawa ng handaan — isang patunay ng pananampalataya at paggalang sa bagong buhay.

Kasal: Dote, Pagpapatawad, at Dalawang Seremonya
Ang kasal ay isinasagawa sa bahay o simbahan, at kung minsan ay nauuna ang seremonya sa hukuman bago sundan ng seremonyang panrelihiyon. Ang magulang ng babae ay nagbibigay ng dote, kadalasan lupa o ari-arian. Bawal ang kasal ng malapit na kamag-anak, at ang mga tumatakas na magkasintahan ay kailangang humingi ng tawad sa magulang upang tanggapin ang kanilang pagsasama.

Amo at Utusan: Pananagutan at Paglilingkod
Kapag may utang ang isang pamilya, isa sa mga anak ay maaaring magsilbi bilang kabayaran. Ang amo ang nagbibigay ng damit at minsan ay kaunting bayad taun-taon. May ganap na kapangyarihan ang amo sa utusan — isang sistemang nagpapakita ng ugnayang panlipunan at ekonomiko sa baryo.

Ari-arian: Pamana at Pamamahala
Ang mga may-ari ng lupa ay gumagawa ng testamento bago sila pumanaw. Kapag may menor de edad na anak, isang kamag-anak ang humahawak ng ari-arian. Kung walang anak, ang mga kamag-anak ang naghahati sa pamana. Sa Bigaa, ang lupa ay hindi lamang pag-aari — ito ay pamana ng dangal.

Lipunan: Posisyon, Paggalang, at Pagkakahiwalay
Sa mga pagtitipon, ang mayayaman at opisyal ng bayan ay inaanyayahan sa mga piging ng kapwa may kaya. Sa simbahan, ang mahihirap ay nasa gilid, habang ang mayayaman ay malapit sa altar. Sa paglalakbay, ang mayayaman ay nakasakay sa kotse, habang ang mahihirap ay naglalakad. Sa mga handaan, ang mahihirap ay nasa kusina, habang ang mayayaman ay nasa silid-kainan — isang tahimik na pagkakahiwalay ng antas.

Gawaing Bukid: Tungkulin ng Anak
Ang mga dalagita ay tumutulong sa ina sa magagaan na gawain, habang ang mga binatilyo ay katuwang ng ama sa bukid. Sa Bigaa, ang pamilya ay isang yunit ng paggawa, pag-asa, at pag-iral.

SOURCE: National Library of the Philippines – H. Otley Beyer Ethnographic Collection, Tekno-Aklatan

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