WVSU Research Journal

07/06/2025

04/06/2025

Clustered List of Scholarly and Open Access Websites by Area of Study

Check here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1I-YnPSVOPaRtw7qAc1UmGhObpJmh24PVFhTiMQrCDkw/edit?usp=sharing

02/06/2025

🔍 𝟐𝟏 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐬 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰

Ensure the originality of your academic and professional writing using these widely used free and paid plagiarism detection tools. Below are the tools identified from the visual guide—grouped as seen in the layout from left to right:

Quetext – Offers DeepSearch™ and user-friendly reports.
ProWritingAid – Combines style, grammar, and plagiarism checking.
Copyleaks – AI-driven with academic and enterprise use.
Hemingway Editor – Focuses on readability, with support for clarity and tone.
Copyscape – Popular for website content duplication.
DupliChecker – Free and simple for quick checks.
GrammarCheck – Supports grammar and originality in basic checks.
PaperRater – Combines plagiarism detection with grammar and spelling.
Slick Write – Offers analysis of sentence structure and duplication.
Unicheck – Designed for students and educators.
PaperRater (duplicate logo) – See above.
Plagramme – Plagiarism checker with academic support.
PrePostSEO – AI-powered with various SEO tools.
LanguageTool (LT) – Known for grammar, style, and plagiarism alerts.
Grammarly – Premium includes plagiarism detection via ProQuest and web sources.
Small SEO Tools – Free plagiarism checker with basic reporting.
Scribbr – Built on Turnitin technology, great for theses and research.
Turnitin – The most trusted tool in academic institutions.
iThenticate – Preferred by publishers and universities.
QuillBot – Offers AI rewriting with built-in plagiarism check.
Plagium – Offers both quick and deep search modes.

✅ Whether you’re a student, researcher, or professional writer, using these tools can help you maintain integrity and uphold ethical standards in writing.

📌 Save and share this for your next writing project!

29/05/2025

🎙️ 𝐖𝐕𝐒𝐔 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐉𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐋𝐚𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐈𝐭𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭-𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐨𝐝𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞!

Get ready to hear research like never before! The WVSU Research Journal is stepping into the world of audio with the official release of its first podcast on 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟮𝟬, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱, at 𝟴:𝟬𝟬 𝗔𝗠. Now, you can listen and learn wherever you are!

📌 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭’𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝟏𝟒, 𝐈𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞 𝟏 (𝐉𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓)?

Available on Spotify, this exciting issue features six engaging research topics that touch lives, communities, and the future of education and public health:

𝑳𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒌
Discover how the environment we live in directly affects our well-being and daily decisions.

𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Learn about the vital role nurses play in guiding families and building trust in community health programs.

𝑵𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Understand how hospital workplace conditions affect nurse morale and professional satisfaction.

𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔
Explore how academic procrastination links to mental health challenges in hybrid learning.

𝑭𝒊𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
See how setting personal goals boosts the mental and physical wellness of students.

𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Find out how media exposure influenced young voters during critical political periods.

🎧 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐈𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞
In addition to individual research highlights, the podcast will also feature a special segment summarizing the entire June 2025 issue, perfect for a quick overview of what’s inside!

📲 𝐃𝐨𝐧’𝐭 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐬 𝐎𝐮𝐭!
Catch the full podcast episode for each article, all available starting June 20, 2025, only on Spotify.

𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐲 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬, 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐞𝐝!

26/05/2025

🌳 𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑪𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔, 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝑭𝒖𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆: 𝑯𝒐𝒘 𝑻𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒖𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔 𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏🍃

📖 "𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐝 𝐂𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐥𝐨𝐢𝐥𝐨 𝐂𝐢𝐭𝐲" by Jose Ariel Tutor, Armando M. Palijon, Roberto G. Visco, Arturo SA Castillo, and Ernesto P. Militante provides a detailed look into how much carbon is stored in trees and soil across major public parks in two key Philippine cities. Conducted between 2009 and 2011, the study gives crucial data for sustainable urban planning.

🔍 Key Highlights:
✅ Iloilo City’s parks showed higher average carbon stock per hectare compared to Bacolod City.
✅ Plaza Libertad in Iloilo recorded the highest carbon storage in trees at 250.88 t/ha.
✅ Soil organic carbon was also higher in Iloilo at both 0–15 cm and 16–30 cm depths.
✅ Findings support the need to protect and manage urban green spaces as part of climate action.

📘 Discover how local parks contribute to environmental sustainability and why they matter for city planning!

👉 Read the full study here: https://journal.wvsu.edu.ph/index.php/journals/article/view/22

14/05/2025

𝘊𝘢𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘱𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘤 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘣𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘶𝘱𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯?

📖 "𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐝 𝐂𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐥𝐨𝐢𝐥𝐨 𝐂𝐢𝐭𝐲" by Jose Ariel Tutor, Armando M. Palijon, Roberto G. Visco, Arturo SA Castillo, and Ernesto P. Militante looks into the carbon-storing power of urban green spaces in two major Visayan cities—and why these findings matter for sustainable city planning.

🔍 𝘒𝘦𝘺 𝘏𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘴:
✅ Iloilo City’s green spaces store more carbon on average than Bacolod City’s
✅ Plaza Libertad tops all areas with 250.88 t/ha carbon in biomass
✅ Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is higher in Iloilo at both shallow and deep levels
✅ Findings support better planning and management of city parks as climate buffers

📘 Discover how local trees and soil quietly work to protect our environment!

👉 𝘙𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦:
https://journal.wvsu.edu.ph/index.php/journals/article/view/22

13/05/2025

𝘏𝘰𝘸 𝘥𝘰 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘱𝘰𝘰𝘳 𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘬𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴, 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘬𝘦𝘦𝘱 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘥𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘮𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘷𝘦?

📖 "𝐀𝐝𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐬, 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐕𝐮𝐥𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡" by Baby Rose G. Robles explores the personal, academic, and social hurdles faced by ESGP-PA grantees at West Visayas State University—and how their coping skills make a difference in their academic success.

🔍 𝘒𝘦𝘺 𝘏𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘴:
✅ Identifies common adjustment problems: self, school, social, and environment
✅ Shows how family, school, and community act as protective supports
✅ Reveals that effective coping strategies strongly influence academic performance

📘 Discover how resilience and support systems help vulnerable youth rise above their challenges!

👉 𝘙𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦:
https://journal.wvsu.edu.ph/index.php/journals/article/view/21

08/05/2025

𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝑽𝒐𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓: 𝑯𝒐𝒘 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒆 𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑽𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝑩𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔

📖 “𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐀𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐃-𝟏𝟗 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐜, 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐥𝐚” by Francel M. Capati, Nicole Adrienne R. Santos, & Jazztin Jairum P. Manalo (UST) examines how students' media habits during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their political actions and beliefs.

📌 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘍𝘰𝘤𝘶𝘴:
This study explored the link between media use, political involvement, and misinformation among undergraduate students in Sampaloc, Manila, during the pandemic.

👥 𝘗𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘴: College students from selected universities in Sampaloc

📊 𝘒𝘦𝘺 𝘍𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴:
Higher media exposure = greater political participation
Misinformation perception shaped students’ decisions to act politically
All variables rose in level during the pandemic

🗳️ 𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵:
With the upcoming elections, the findings show that media habits and trust in information strongly affect how students engage politically, especially in crisis times. This has big implications for youth voter behavior today.

🔗 Full article: https://journal.wvsu.edu.ph/index.php/journals/article/view/227

06/05/2025

𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧

As of the moment, the WVSU-Research Journal website is experiencing technical issues. Our support team is currently working to resolve the problem as soon as possible.

If you wish to submit your research paper, kindly send it via email to: 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝𝙟𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡@𝙬𝙫𝙨𝙪.𝙚𝙙𝙪.𝙥𝙝

Thank you for your understanding and patience.

06/05/2025

🌳 𝙃𝙤𝙬 𝘿𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙚 𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙊𝙪𝙧 𝘾𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙏𝙧𝙚𝙚𝙨? 𝘼 𝙇𝙤𝙤𝙠 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙂𝙧𝙚𝙚𝙣 𝙎𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙄𝙡𝙤𝙞𝙡𝙤 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘽𝙖𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙙

📖 “𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐔𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐬, 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬” by Jose Ariel A. Tutor et al. examined tree diversity in six urban parks in Bacolod and Iloilo City.

🌱 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘍𝘰𝘤𝘶𝘴:
The research conducted a full inventory of tree species to assess floristic composition and species diversity in key green spaces.

📊 𝘒𝘦𝘺 𝘍𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴:
Most common species:
𝘌𝘶𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘶𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘥𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘥
𝘚𝘸𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘪𝘢 𝘮𝘢𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘪𝘯 𝘐𝘭𝘰𝘪𝘭𝘰
Tree population:
𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘥: 𝟣,𝟪𝟫𝟤 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘴, 𝟧𝟤 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘴
𝘐𝘭𝘰𝘪𝘭𝘰: 𝟧𝟨𝟥 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘴, 𝟥𝟦 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘴
Diversity index:
𝘐𝘭𝘰𝘪𝘭𝘰 – 𝘏𝘪𝘨𝘩
𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘥 – 𝘔𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩
Significant species based on size and crown:
𝘐𝘭𝘰𝘪𝘭𝘰 – 𝘏𝘪𝘨𝘩
𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘥 – 𝘔𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩

🌳 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵:
Urban green spaces in Western Visayas show strong potential for biodiversity preservation. Managing dominant species can help balance city landscapes for ecological health and sustainability.

🔗 𝘍𝘶𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘭𝘦:https://journal.wvsu.edu.ph/index.php/journals/article/view/25

06/05/2025

𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘱 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘢 𝘰𝘯𝘦-𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸, 𝘪𝘵 𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘤𝘬 𝘰𝘧 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘣𝘪𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘱𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘴 𝘶𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴. 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘣𝘦 𝘢 𝘵𝘦𝘢𝘮 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘵, 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘰𝘯𝘦’𝘴 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘵 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥 𝘣𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥. 𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘪𝘵’𝘴 𝘫𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘰𝘯 𝘥𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘪𝘵’𝘴 𝘯𝘰 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘪𝘵’𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘩𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯.