UST Law Review

UST Law Review The ULR is a student-edited law journal committed to the development of law & society. In the academic year (A.Y.) 2003-2004, the ULR resumed its operations. A.
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-A Glimpse of History-

Beginning its operations in 1950, the ULR made its regal entry in the field of legal publication with former Chief Justice Andres Narvasa as its first editor-in-chief. Since then, the ULR became a vehicle for lead articles by law professors and members of the judiciary and for case summaries by member-students, aside from separate sections on Book Reviews and Recent Legisla

tions. In effect, it paved the way for enriching legal and scholarly discourse among members of the academe. It became a tool not only in updating its readers on the developments of law, but more importantly, it evolved as a medium for the exploration of the uncharted regions of law, the discussion of pressing legal issues, and the search for solutions to address the problems and loopholes in the legal framework.cj-andres-narvasa. However, due to unfortunate circumstances, the ULR suffered a temporary setback in the year 2000. Its publication ceased for unknown reasons, but whether it be the dissipating zealousness or the lack of administrative support is now of no moment. What’s significant is that fate did not leave the publication in the oblivion. Through the overwhelming initiative of former Dean Augusto K. Aligada, Jr., the unconditional support of former Regent Fr. Javier Gonzalez, the commendable leadership of Atty. Rene B. Gorospe, and the enthusiasm of a group of eager law students, Volume XLVIII was released. Considered to be ULR’s renaissance, the volume was wrapped with a much higher standard, daring to be at par with the other Law Reviews internationally respected. It emerged to be a piece of work in which those who toil with it had an uplifting sense of accomplishment and achievement. Two years after, the golden covered journal has become golden itself as it published Volume L. The release of the ULR’s 50th Golden Edition is a testimony of the metamorphosis of what ULR has become - a literature which reflects the tradition of excellence of the Faculty of Civil Law and the University of Santo Tomas. It has expanded its scope to reflect the growing participation of law students in the development of legal scholarship by devoting much of its space to student articles, though it remains to solicit articles from distinguished members of the faculty, while it continues to maintain sections on Case Summaries, Book Reviews and Recent Legislations. With the publication of its 51st edition, the ULR introduced changes in the Book Review section through examination of the recent law books published locally and internationally. Following the Harvard Law Review, ULR members have gone to the extent of cross-referencing relevant materials to come up with a comprehensive book review. Faced with various questions of form and style in the drafting and editing articles and other materials, the editorial board decided to formally codify the different rules on form and style for editorial guidance, thus, spurring the birth of the UST Law Review Style Guide. As a result of its members’ undying passion for excellence, the UST Law Review was bequeathed with St. Dominic de Guzman Award for Outstanding Teamwork on 15 March 2007. The award was given to the ULR after meeting the criteria set forth by the award-giving body for its outstanding performance in organizing activities that are of high-significance to the Thomasian community. In 2008, the ULR launched its online edition which is a testimony of ULR’s zeal to reach out to those who have the same passion in writing and ardor for learning, the much needed updates, and novel and thought-provoking ideas in the field of law. It is an online edition of a law journal that is home for serious reflection and provocative thinking, an opus which has always envisioned taking an active part in the shaping of the nation’s history and destiny.


-Exchange Programs-

The ULR takes pride of its exchange programs with other prominent and well-respected law journals, both foreign and local. Some of its foreign exchange partners consist of Revisita da Faculdade de direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerals in Brazil, Escuela de Derecho in Chile, Yokohama National University in Japan, Saint Louis University in USA, University of Southern California in USA, Kansai University in Japan and Universidad de Fumec. Locally, the ULR has access to the Philippine Law Journal of the University of the Philippines College of Law, Far Eastern University Law Review of the Far Eastern University, MLQU Law Quarterly of the Manuel L. Quezon University, Res Socialis: Journal of UST Social Research Center of the University of Santo Tomas, ALSA Law Review of the Association of Law Students of the Philippines (ALSP), and the Court Systems Journal of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Also, commemorative of the 400 years of existence of the University of Santo Tomas, Asia’s oldest university, ULR published a two-part Quadricentennial Edition in 2011 and 2012. In an attempt to expand its reach and to bolster its subscription program, complementary copies of these special editions were circulated to the three branches of the Government – the Executive, Legislative and the Judiciary, various law schools local and international, as well as to top law firms in the Philippines - a recent addition to its growing circulation list.


-Citations-

Throughout the years of its academic legal scholarship, the ULR has maintained its high-standards and credibility as a law journal. The Supreme Court of the Philippines as of date has cited several of its published articles. The ULR was first cited by the Court in the case of Carlos S. Romualdez and Erlinda R. Romualdez v. COMELEC and Dennis Garay (G.R. No. 167011, 30 April 2008) through Justice Chico-Nazario who referred to the article of Mr. Gilbert D. Balderama entitled “Denouement of the Human Security Act: Tremors in the Turbulent Odyssey of Civil Liberties” (Vol. LII, UST Law Review, 1, 16-21). In 2010, the Court in Razon v. Tagitis (G.R. No. 182498, 16 February 2010) cited Ms. Joan Lou P. Gamboa’s article entitled “Creative Rule-Making in Response to Deficiencies of Existing Remedies” (Vol. LII, UST Law Review). In 2011, another article was cited by the Court through Justice Roberto A. Abad in the Matter of the Charges of Plagiarism against Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo (A.M. No. 10-7-17-SC, 8 February 2011), titled, “Uncertainties Beyond the Horizon: The Metamorphosis of the WTO Investment Framework in the Philippine Setting” (Vol. LII, UST Law Review) by then Associate Justice Ma. Lourdes P. Sereno. Lastly, in the recent case of Jelbert B. Galicto vs. H.E. President Benigno Simeon Aquino III and Atty. Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr. (G.R. No. 193978, February 28, 2012), the Court cited the article written by Atty. Gorospe entitled “Songs, Singers and Shadows: Revisiting Locus Standi in Light of the People Power Provisions of the 1987 Constitution” (Vol. LI, UST Law Review, 15-16).


-Prestigious Roster of Alumni-

The testament of a law journal’s success is measured not only on the extent it has influenced policy considerations or has shaped jurisprudential pronouncements but also in terms of its alumni who in reflected glory, continually brings honor to its name. ULR, throughout its almost 65 years of existence, has produced chief justices and other members of the judiciary, congressmen, top-ranking government officials, legal luminaries, deans, law professors, and bar topnotchers. Its other alumni have gone far as establishing their own law firms or have made names for themselves as most sought-after lawyers in private practice.

𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐑: Featured Article (𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐀 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 ...
09/05/2026

𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐑: Featured Article
(𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐀 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐖𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐉𝐚𝐜𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐎. 𝐋𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐳-𝐊𝐚𝐰)

Establishing a strong foundation for women's rights and liberties begins with an inclusive legislative and judicial system that actively prioritizes their lived experiences. For a legal structure to be truly empowering, legislators must move beyond theoretical protections and directly engage with the specific needs and pleas of women across the country.

Jacqueline O. Lopez-Kaw, in Breaking the Bo***ge of Discrimination: A Survey of Protective Legislations Advancing the Rights of Women [49 U.S.T. L. REV. 1-44, (January-December 2005)], examines the persistent conflicts and structural hurdles that define the modern woman’s representation within the legal field. By analyzing current statutes and prevailing jurisprudence, the article evaluates existing mechanisms intended to protect and empower women. It draws a poignant line from the past, recounting a history marked by hardship, pain, and frustration. Ultimately, it advocates for a more sophisticated legal system that ensures women are not only seen by the law but are authentically empowered by it.

To read the full article, you may access UST Law Review’s Volume 49 here: https://bit.ly/4sLLpcP

NOTES FOR EMERGENCY RECITATION 📝Reasonable doubt is defined as that doubt engendered by an investigation of the whole pr...
30/04/2026

NOTES FOR EMERGENCY RECITATION 📝

Reasonable doubt is defined as that doubt engendered by an investigation of the whole proof and an inability, after such investigation, to let the mind rest easy upon the certainty of guilt.

- Balina v. People, G.R. No. 205950, 12 January 2021, Gaerlan, J.

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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐑 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬?
Emergency Recitation Notes (ER Notes) are brief and visual summaries of significant Supreme Court decisions. A flagship initiative of the UST Law Review's Jurisprudence Department, this project aims to provide quick reference materials for students seeking the latest developments in jurisprudence. ⚖️

The UST Law Review congratulates its members who made it to the Dean’s List for the 1st semester of the Academic Year 20...
24/04/2026

The UST Law Review congratulates its members who made it to the Dean’s List for the 1st semester of the Academic Year 2025–2026!

This success is a testament to your perseverance and unwavering dedication to the pursuit of legal excellence.

We are incredibly proud of you!

𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐑: Featured Legislation(𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐖𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐡𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐀𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓)The Chemical Weapons Prohibition Act bans ...
18/04/2026

𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐑: Featured Legislation
(𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐖𝐞𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐡𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐀𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓)

The Chemical Weapons Prohibition Act bans any act relating to the usage of chemical weapons in the Philippines, such as development or production, ensuring their destruction, and imposing strict penalties for violations. It enforces the country’s obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention, safeguarding human life and the environment from toxic chemical threats.

Republic Act No. 12174 (Chemical Weapons Prohibition Act of 2025) strictly prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, financing, transfer, and use of chemical weapons in the Philippines.

It designates the Anti-Terrorism Council (ATC) as the national authority to implement the Chemical Weapons Convention, serving as the liaison with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and other State Parties.

The law enforces licensing requirements for precursors and scheduled chemicals, imposes penalties for violations, and ensures the country’s compliance with international obligations to protect human life and the environment.

To read the law, you may access it here: https://bit.ly/3NXOA1E

16/04/2026
The UST Law Review is thrilled to welcome the new batch of Understudies for the Second Semester of the Academic Year 202...
01/04/2026

The UST Law Review is thrilled to welcome the new batch of Understudies for the Second Semester of the Academic Year 2025-2026.

Warmest congratulations to our successful applicants for the Understudy Program! May your time in the Program be defined by passion, dedication, and constant drive in pursuit of legal scholarship.

Your journey towards leaving an indelible imprint officially starts today.

NOTES FOR EMERGENCY RECITATION 📝Lex loci celebrationis is a conflict of law principle that comes into play when there ar...
31/03/2026

NOTES FOR EMERGENCY RECITATION 📝

Lex loci celebrationis is a conflict of law principle that comes into play when there are substantive issues relating to a contract that is celebrated elsewhere than the place of citizenship of its parties. Irrespective of the place of solemnization of marriage, Philippine laws bind the contracting Filipino citizen with respect to "family rights and duties, status, condition, and legal capacity"; any controversy arising therefrom would then have to be determined in accordance with the same law.

- Ambrose v. Suque-Ambrose, G.R. No. 206761, 23 June 2021, (Gaerlan, J.)

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𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐑 𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬?
Emergency Recitation Notes (ER Notes) are brief and visual summaries of significant Supreme Court decisions. A flagship initiative of the UST Law Review's Jurisprudence Department, this project aims to provide quick reference materials for students seeking the latest developments in jurisprudence. ⚖️

Join us for Faculty of Civil Law Week 2026 🌿✨The UST Civil Law Student Council invites you to a week that brings togethe...
30/03/2026

Join us for Faculty of Civil Law Week 2026 🌿✨

The UST Civil Law Student Council invites you to a week that brings together what we value most—thoughtful discourse, strong voices, and a shared passion for the law. We look forward to seeing our community engage, compete, and shine.

📅 April 8–12, 2026
🌟 Kindly see each photo's caption for the mechanics & registration forms!

𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐑: Featured Jurisprudence (𝐏𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥 𝐯. 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬)In 2025, the Supreme Court ordered the retu...
09/03/2026

𝐈𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐑: Featured Jurisprudence
(𝐏𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥 𝐯. 𝐇𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬)

In 2025, the Supreme Court ordered the return of PHP60 billion funds to PhilHealth, ruling that the transfer of the said PhilHealth funds to the National Treasury was unconstitutional.

In this landmark decision, Justice Amy Lazaro-Javier pointed out that, “. . . the people's right to health was not merely deprioritized — it has been, with respect, brazenly disregarded.” It was also emphasized that the right to health must be safeguarded with the government's highest degree of commitment and that the latter should strive to provide affordable and accessible healthcare to Filipinos.

Healthcare is not just a basic human right; it is a constitutionally-mandated obligation by the state to its people. However, for many, healthcare still feels like a privilege. With the country’s dire public health situation, Justice Lazaro-Javier’s words ring true: “Filipinos deserve better.”

Read the case digest here: https://bit.ly/4jPiDUQ

The UST Law Review continues its tradition of intellectual exchange with the 7th Chief Justice Andres Narvasa Lecture Se...
02/03/2026

The UST Law Review continues its tradition of intellectual exchange with the 7th Chief Justice Andres Narvasa Lecture Series, held last 21 February 2026, at the Dr. Robert C. Sy Grand Ballroom, BGPOP, University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

The lecture featured an insightful discourse by Honorable Justice Maria Filomena D. Singh (Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines) on the topic: “The Supreme Court’s Role in Combating Corruption and Bridging Access to Justice”, which sheds light on the Judiciary's essential role in developing its public perception and ensuring that justice remains accessible to all through institutional reforms.

Beyond the printed pages of its journal, the Law Review affirms its dedication to leaving an indelible imprint by sparking discussions and serving as an avenue to bridge legal access to the marginalized sectors.

(Photo Courtesy of DMD Photography and Claire Pascual)

𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐓: ULR Alumnus Marking New Milestones in the Executive DepartmentThe UST Law Review extends its warmest...
28/02/2026

𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐓 𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐓: ULR Alumnus Marking New Milestones in the Executive Department

The UST Law Review extends its warmest congratulations to Atty. Lamberto L. Santos III on his recent appointment as Assistant Secretary in the Presidential Legislative Liaison Office of the Office of the President.

Having served as Editor-in-Chief of Vol. 57 and Articles Editor of Vol. 56, Atty. Santos reflects the dedication and the excellence we strive for as he continues to leave an indelible imprint on the highest levels of public service.

ULR wishes you the best as you continue to make your mark on the nation, Atty. Santos!

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To ULR alumni, share your recent milestones with us here: https://forms.gle/kbehVHUpdXzHKjZ68

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