05/07/2024
Understanding Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. This condition is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Causes
The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is coronary artery disease (CAD). This occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis). A heart attack happens when a plaque ruptures, causing a blood clot to form and block the artery.
Symptoms
Chest pain or discomfort
Shortness of breath
Nausea or vomiting
Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
Cold sweat
Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, or arms
Diagnosis
To diagnose a myocardial infarction, doctors use several methods:
Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Blood tests: Look for markers of heart muscle damage (e.g., troponins).
Imaging tests: Such as echocardiogram or coronary angiography.
Treatment
Immediate treatment aims to restore blood flow to the heart. This may involve:
Medications: Such as blood thinners, pain relievers, and clot-dissolving drugs.
Procedures: Like angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
Prevention
Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Manage stress and monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.
