11/07/2025
The carotid arteries are major blood vessels in the neck that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, face, and neck. There are two carotid arteries:
1. Right common carotid artery – branches off the brachiocephalic artery.
2. Left common carotid artery – branches directly from the aortic arch.
Each common carotid artery divides into two branches:
Internal carotid artery – supplies blood to the brain.
External carotid artery – supplies blood to the face and scalp.
🔍 Main Functions of the Carotid Artery:
1. Delivers oxygenated blood to the brain – essential for normal brain function.
2. Supports cerebral perfusion – constant supply of blood is critical because the brain cannot store oxygen.
3. Helps regulate blood pressure – the carotid sinus (a dilation in the internal carotid artery) contains baroreceptors that sense pressure and help regulate heart rate and blood pressure.
4. Facilitates survival in emergencies – the carotid reflex can quickly adjust cardiovascular output when there's a sudden drop in pressure or volume.
🚨 Clinical Relevance:
Carotid artery disease – buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) can lead to stroke.
Carotid bruit – abnormal sound over the artery, may indicate narrowing.
Carotid dissection – a tear in the artery wall, potentially leading to stroke.
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity – can cause sudden drops in heart rate or fainting.
