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πŸŒβ€œWhere Science Meets Fun😊! πŸ”¬| Medical Laboratory Scientists sharing expert tips, life-saving insights, international Licencing, lab memes, career hacks & collaborations.
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03/01/2026

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Below is a high-yield, ASCP-focused β€œAnemias – Learning Tips & Tricks” guide, designed exactly for MLS / ASCPi / BOC exam preparation.
I’ve emphasized exam traps, quick differentiation, and memory hooks with standard ASCP references.

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πŸ”΄ ANEMIAS – ASCP EXAM TIPS & TRICKS (HIGH-YIELD)

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1️⃣ CLASSIFICATION TRICK (MOST IMPORTANT)

πŸ“Œ Always classify anemia by MCV first

> MCV = The doorway to diagnosis

MCV Type of Anemia

< 80 fL Microcytic
80–100 fL Normocytic
> 100 fL Macrocytic

πŸ‘‰ ASCP loves MCV-based questions
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2️⃣ MICROCYTIC ANEMIAS (MCV < 80)

πŸ”‘ Mnemonic: β€œTAILS”

Thalassemia

Anemia of chronic disease

Iron deficiency anemia

Lead poisoning

Sideroblastic anemia

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🧲 Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Most common anemia worldwide

Lab Pattern (ASCP favorite):

↓ Hb, ↓ Hct

↓ MCV, ↓ MCH

↓ Serum iron

↑ TIBC

↓ Ferritin

↑ RDW

🧠 Trick:

> Low ferritin = IDA (Ferritin is the best indicator)

πŸ“Œ Peripheral smear:

Microcytes

Hypochromia

Pencil cells

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🧲 Thalassemia

Key ASCP Differentiation

Feature IDA Thalassemia

RBC count ↓ Normal / ↑
RDW ↑ Normal
Target cells Few Many
HbA2 Normal ↑ (Ξ²-thalassemia)

🧠 Trick:

> Low MCV + normal RBC count = Think Thalassemia

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🧲 Anemia of Chronic Disease

↓ Serum iron

↓ TIBC

Normal or ↑ Ferritin

🧠 Trick:

> Iron is present but trapped

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🧲 Sideroblastic Anemia

Ring sideroblasts (bone marrow)

↑ Serum iron

↑ Ferritin

πŸ“Œ Causes:

Lead

Alcohol

Drugs (INH)

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3️⃣ NORMOCYTIC ANEMIAS (MCV 80–100)

πŸ”‘ First ASCP Question

> Is the reticulocyte count high or low?

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🧲 High Retic Count β†’ RBC LOSS or DESTRUCTION

Acute blood loss

Hemolytic anemia

🧲 Low Retic Count β†’ Decreased Production

Aplastic anemia

Anemia of chronic disease

Renal failure (↓ EPO)
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🧲 Hemolytic Anemia (ASCP GOLD)

Lab Findings:

↑ Reticulocytes

↑ LDH

↑ Indirect bilirubin

↓ Haptoglobin

🧠 Mnemonic: β€œLASH”

LDH ↑

Anemia

Spherocytes / Schistocytes

Haptoglobin ↓

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4️⃣ MACROCYTIC ANEMIAS (MCV > 100)

πŸ”‘ Divide into:

Megaloblastic

Non-megaloblastic

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🧲 Megaloblastic Anemia

Caused by DNA synthesis defect

πŸ“Œ Causes:

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

Classic ASCP findings:

Macro-ovalocytes

Hypersegmented neutrophils

↓ Reticulocytes

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🧠 B12 vs Folate (VERY HIGH-YIELD)

Feature B12 Deficiency Folate Deficiency

Neurologic signs Present Absent
MMA ↑ Normal
Homocysteine ↑ ↑

🧠 Trick:

> Neuro symptoms = B12

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🧲 Non-Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia

Liver disease

Alcoholism

Hypothyroidism

πŸ‘‰ No hypersegmented neutrophils
L
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5️⃣ MORPHOLOGY β†’ DIAGNOSIS (ASCP LOVES SMEARS)

Cell Type Associated Anemia

Spherocytes Hereditary spherocytosis
Schistocytes DIC, TTP, HUS
Target cells Thalassemia, liver disease
Sickle cells Sickle cell anemia
Bite cells G6PD deficiency
Howell-Jolly bodies Post-splenectomy

🧠 Trick:

> Schistocytes = Medical emergency

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6️⃣ QUICK EXAM TRAPS 🚨

Normal Hb but ↓ MCV β†’ Early iron deficiency

Normal MCV + anemia β†’ Check retics

Iron deficiency + normal ferritin β†’ Think inflammation

Macrocytosis + no hypersegmentation β†’ Alcohol/liver

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7️⃣ ONE-LINE RAPID REVIEW

Low MCV β†’ Iron or Thalassemia

Normal MCV β†’ Retic count

High MCV β†’ B12 / Folate

High RDW β†’ Iron deficiency

Normal RDW β†’ Thalassemia

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πŸ“š ASCP / STANDARD REFERENCES

1. Rodak’s Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications, 6th Ed.

2. Clinical Hematology Atlas, Rodak & Carr

3. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods

4. ASCP BOC Study Guide – MLS

5. Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology

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On Request πŸ‘‡πŸ»
βœ… Flowcharts (MCV β†’ Diagnosis)
βœ… ASCP scenario-based MCQs with explanations

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