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20/07/2021

The Fate of Afghanistan

On September 11, 2001. 4 commercial planes were hijacked by 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists.2 planes were crashed into the World Trade Centre, 1 in Pentagon, and the last was intended for the White House but crashed in a nearby field. The crashes took place within an hour and a half and almost 3000 lives were lost. America suffered a loss of about $1.4 trillion in just the first week after the attacks. These attacks were condemned by the world and America was determined on vengeance. Osama bin Laden and Khalid Sheikh Mohammad were held responsible for the attacks. Both were members of Al-Qaeda and both resided in Afghanistan.
9/11 culminated in a series of events that were devastating to economies and human lives. Weeks after Al Qaeda attacked the United States on Sept. 11, President George W. Bush announced that American forces had launched attacks against the terrorist group and Taliban targets in Afghanistan. By December 2001, the Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden and other top commanders had fled to safety in Pakistan, a nominal U.S. ally. American forces did not pursue them, and Pakistan ultimately evolved into a safe haven for Taliban commanders and fighters, who in subsequent years crossed the border to attack American and Afghan forces.

The Taliban’s emerged in the early 1990s in northern Pakistan. America funded Pakistan to train the Taliban to use them against the Soviet troops in the Soviet-Afghanistan war. After the US victory, American troops left Afghanistan. Seeing the condition of Afghanistan after being in war for a decade, they made a promise to restore peace and security and enforce Sharia once in power. From 1996-2001 the Taliban rose to power and controlled roughly three-quarters of Afghanistan.

But when the American troops came into Afghanistan, they found that the Taliban and the Al-Qaeda were allies. On seeing this the American troops quickly toppled down the Taliban government and crushed its fighting force by the end of December 2001. After routing the Taliban, the United States and NATO pivoted to rebuilding a failed state and establishing a Western-style democracy, spending billions trying to reconstruct a desperately poor country already ravaged by two decades of war, first during the Soviet occupation of the 1980s and then during the preceding civil war. There were early successes. A pro-Western government was installed. New schools, hospitals, and public facilities were built. Thousands of girls, barred from education under Taliban rule, attended school. Women, largely confined to their homes by the Taliban, went to college, joined the workforce, and served in Parliament and government. But corruption was rampant, millions of dollars were stolen and the government was unable to provide the citizens with basic needs, and their power barely extended beyond the capital, Kabul, and other major cities.

Then in 2003, US turned its attention towards the war in Iraq and this gave the Taliban the opening they needed. The Taliban rebuilt their fighting capabilities despite the American troops controlling the once Taliban-controlled regions. When the Taliban became a threat, then-President Obama deployed thousands of more troops to control the Taliban. The number of American troops in Afghanistan reached 100,000 by 2010. But the Taliban only grew stronger, inflicting heavy casualties on Afghan security forces despite American combat power and airstrikes.

In May 2011, a U.S. Navy SEAL team killed Osama bin Laden in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, where he had been living for years near a Pakistan military training academy. In June, President Obama announced that he would start bringing American forces home and hand over responsibility for security to the Afghans by 2014. By then, the Pentagon had concluded that the war could not be won militarily and that only a negotiated settlement could end the conflict.

Nearly three years later, President Donald J. Trump said that although his first instinct had been to withdraw all troops, he would nonetheless continue to prosecute the war. He stressed that any troop withdrawal would be based on combat conditions, not predetermined timelines. But the Trump administration also had been talking to the Taliban since 2018, leading to formal negotiations that excluded the Afghan government, led by President Ashraf Ghani. In February 2020, the Trump administration signed an agreement with the Taliban that called for all American forces to leave Afghanistan by May 1, 2021. In return, the Taliban pledged to cut ties with terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda and the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, reduce violence and negotiate with the American-backed Afghan government. But with the Afghan government excluded from the U.S.-Taliban deal, relations with the United States were strained. The Trump administration pressured Ashraf Ghani to release 5,500 Taliban prisoners while receiving little in return, further alienating the Afghan government. After the deal was signed, the Taliban stopped attacking American troops and refrained from major terrorist bombings in Afghan cities. The United States reduced air support for government forces, generally restricting them to instances in which Afghan troops were in danger of being overrun. After President Biden announced in April the U.S. withdrawal of American forces, NATO said its 7,000 troops in Afghanistan would coordinate their withdrawal with the United States. The Biden administration says it continues to support peace talks, but the Taliban appear in no hurry to negotiate.
With the US leaving Afghanistan, the Taliban have held an upper hand. The group is thought to now be stronger in numbers than at any point since they were in 2001 - with up to 85,000 full-time fighters, according to recent NATO estimates. Their control of territory is harder to estimate, as districts swing back and forth between them and government forces, but recent estimates put it somewhere about 85% of Afghanistan. This includes all the mountainous areas where population density is near zero. The Afghan Government controls the major cities with 70% population living there. But the Taliban now are changing their strategy. They now control almost all the Afghanistan borders with Iran, Pakistan, China, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. President Biden said ‘The Taliban attack is certainly not inevitable but the chances of an Afghan Government is slim.’

The Americans are leaving without deciding the fate of Afghanistan. They have been involved in the countries affairs for 2 decades and leaving so abruptly is not the right thing to do. Firstly there was no need for the Americans to stay IN Afghanistan for so long. They came to kill bin Laden and avenge those lost in the 9/11 attacks. They even had diplomatic relations with the Taliban. They should have left years ago. They tried to reconstruct Afghanistan and spent nearly $50 billion but failed because of their negligence? The Taliban will take control of Afghanistan and the people will become oppressed again all because of a misplanned war.The Fate of Afghanistan
On September 11, 2001. 4 commercial planes were hijacked by 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists.2 planes were crashed into the World Trade Centre, 1 in Pentagon, and the last was intended for the White House but crashed in a nearby field. The crashes took place within an hour and a half and almost 3000 lives were lost. America suffered a loss of about $1.4 trillion in just the first week after the attacks. These attacks were condemned by the world and America was determined on vengeance. Osama bin Laden and Khalid Sheikh Mohammad were held responsible for the attacks. Both were members of Al-Qaeda and both resided in Afghanistan.
9/11 culminated in a series of events that were devastating to economies and human lives. Weeks after Al Qaeda attacked the United States on Sept. 11, President George W. Bush announced that American forces had launched attacks against the terrorist group and Taliban targets in Afghanistan. By December 2001, the Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden and other top commanders had fled to safety in Pakistan, a nominal U.S. ally. American forces did not pursue them, and Pakistan ultimately evolved into a safe haven for Taliban commanders and fighters, who in subsequent years crossed the border to attack American and Afghan forces.

The Taliban’s emerged in the early 1990s in northern Pakistan. America funded Pakistan to train the Taliban to use them against the Soviet troops in the Soviet-Afghanistan war. After the US victory, American troops left Afghanistan. Seeing the condition of Afghanistan after being in war for a decade, they made a promise to restore peace and security and enforce Sharia once in power. From 1996-2001 the Taliban rose to power and controlled roughly three-quarters of Afghanistan.

But when the American troops came into Afghanistan, they found that the Taliban and the Al-Qaeda were allies. On seeing this the American troops quickly toppled down the Taliban government and crushed its fighting force by the end of December 2001. After routing the Taliban, the United States and NATO pivoted to rebuilding a failed state and establishing a Western-style democracy, spending billions trying to reconstruct a desperately poor country already ravaged by two decades of war, first during the Soviet occupation of the 1980s and then during the preceding civil war. There were early successes. A pro-Western government was installed. New schools, hospitals, and public facilities were built. Thousands of girls, barred from education under Taliban rule, attended school. Women, largely confined to their homes by the Taliban, went to college, joined the workforce, and served in Parliament and government. But corruption was rampant, millions of dollars were stolen and the government was unable to provide the citizens with basic needs, and their power barely extended beyond the capital, Kabul, and other major cities.

Then in 2003, US turned its attention towards the war in Iraq and this gave the Taliban the opening they needed. The Taliban rebuilt their fighting capabilities despite the American troops controlling the once Taliban-controlled regions. When the Taliban became a threat, then-President Obama deployed thousands of more troops to control the Taliban. The number of American troops in Afghanistan reached 100,000 by 2010. But the Taliban only grew stronger, inflicting heavy casualties on Afghan security forces despite American combat power and airstrikes.

In May 2011, a U.S. Navy SEAL team killed Osama bin Laden in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, where he had been living for years near a Pakistan military training academy. In June, President Obama announced that he would start bringing American forces home and hand over responsibility for security to the Afghans by 2014. By then, the Pentagon had concluded that the war could not be won militarily and that only a negotiated settlement could end the conflict.

Nearly three years later, President Donald J. Trump said that although his first instinct had been to withdraw all troops, he would nonetheless continue to prosecute the war. He stressed that any troop withdrawal would be based on combat conditions, not predetermined timelines. But the Trump administration also had been talking to the Taliban since 2018, leading to formal negotiations that excluded the Afghan government, led by President Ashraf Ghani. In February 2020, the Trump administration signed an agreement with the Taliban that called for all American forces to leave Afghanistan by May 1, 2021. In return, the Taliban pledged to cut ties with terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda and the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, reduce violence and negotiate with the American-backed Afghan government. But with the Afghan government excluded from the U.S.-Taliban deal, relations with the United States were strained. The Trump administration pressured Ashraf Ghani to release 5,500 Taliban prisoners while receiving little in return, further alienating the Afghan government. After the deal was signed, the Taliban stopped attacking American troops and refrained from major terrorist bombings in Afghan cities. The United States reduced air support for government forces, generally restricting them to instances in which Afghan troops were in danger of being overrun. After President Biden announced in April the U.S. withdrawal of American forces, NATO said its 7,000 troops in Afghanistan would coordinate their withdrawal with the United States. The Biden administration says it continues to support peace talks, but the Taliban appear in no hurry to negotiate.
With the US leaving Afghanistan, the Taliban have held an upper hand. The group is thought to now be stronger in numbers than at any point since they were in 2001 - with up to 85,000 full-time fighters, according to recent NATO estimates. Their control of territory is harder to estimate, as districts swing back and forth between them and government forces, but recent estimates put it somewhere about 85% of Afghanistan. This includes all the mountainous areas where population density is near zero. The Afghan Government controls the major cities with 70% population living there. But the Taliban now are changing their strategy. They now control almost all the Afghanistan borders with Iran, Pakistan, China, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. President Biden said ‘The Taliban attack is certainly not inevitable but the chances of an Afghan Government is slim.’

The Americans are leaving without deciding the fate of Afghanistan. They have been involved in the countries affairs for 2 decades and leaving so abruptly is not the right thing to do. Firstly there was no need for the Americans to stay IN Afghanistan for so long. They came to kill bin Laden and avenge those lost in the 9/11 attacks. They even had diplomatic relations with the Taliban. They should have left years ago. They tried to reconstruct Afghanistan and spent nearly $50 billion but failed because of their negligence? The Taliban will take control of Afghanistan and the people will become oppressed again all because of a misplanned war.

29/06/2021

The well of Hell
The ancient well of Barhout or else known to be the ‘’ Well of Hell’. Closer to the border with Oman than to the capital Sanaa 1,300 kilometers (800 miles) away, the giant hole in the desert of Al-Mahra province is 30 meters wide and thought to be anywhere between 100 and 250 meters deep.

Scientists still after much research don’t know how mysterious that well is. They even got to know that well isn't made by humans and is made naturally. Locals avoid going near the ancient well as they think it is filled with supernatural powers and even some things have been sucked in it.

The local folks also have stated that loud screams could be heard occasionally. They even say that it was a prison made for demons. Some say that it was the Jinn who dug this deep hole for one of the kings of the Himyarite who ruled the region in the old time to hide his treasures. Others believe that it was dug up to be a jail for the jinn who came out of control. Some people also say that it’s a cursed gateway from which demons will one day crawl out and bring an end to the world.

The inhabitants of the region have mysterious tales stating that in a season of drought they lowered a man tied with rope to get water from the well. But they soon heard screams and when they pulled him back they found only his half body. From that day they avoid going near that.

It is said that the deep well produces foul odors and toxic fumes at times. The bottom of the well can't be seen due to extreme darkness. When the sun is fully perpendicular to the crater green vegetation is able to be seen in the toxic atmosphere and the most stinky water.

According to Salah Babhair, director-general of Yemen’s geological survey and mineral resources authority, experts have entered the giant hole, but weren't able to reach the bottom as "there’s little oxygen and no ventilation" there."We noticed strange things inside. We also smelt something strange... It's a mysterious situation," he said without elaborating further. He said that they reached 50 to 60 meters but were able to go more as they noticed strange things there.

Keele University Professor of Glaciology and Palaeoclimatology Chris Fogwill suggested in2014 hole in the Yamal Peninsula was a collapsed pingo, which happens when an ancient ice formation collapses.
In an interview Fogwill suggested the hole in Yemen was not a pingo, but rather a cast feature or sink hole caused by the erosion of limestone or moving geological salts or brines.'The erosion around the edge suggests it is not 'new,'' Fogwill added. Sinkholes can be caused by any number of activities, including drilling, mining or construction.
The water in the well is stinky, black and the scientists think that the water might contain sulfur and other impurities which causes that colour and stinky smell.There is a Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad that says: "The best water on the face of the earth, Zamzam water, and the worst water on the face of the earth, water in a valley in Hadramout named Barhout its water is black and stinky.
The mystery is yet to be solved of the well that was built millions and millions of years ago.

19/06/2021

Could this be start of another pandemic in India?

India is experiencing the world's worst Covid-19 outbreak, with new cases breaking global records and some hospitals running out of medical facilities. The conditions are so bad that people can’t find beds and oxygen cylinders in the hospital. Even as India struggles to contain a deadly surge of COVID-19, doctors are now reporting cases of a rare infection called the “black fungus,” occurring among people recovering from the Covid 19

Black fungus or mucormycosis is a deadly infection that has started to rise in India, the same as Covid 19. The fungal infection is increasingly being seen in vulnerable patients in India, as the country’s healthcare worker struggles to save lives during the pandemic.

Mucormycosis is a type of virus that is caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes that is found in damp soil and decaying organic matter. It affects the sinuses, the brain and the lungs and can be life-threatening in diabetic or severely immunocompromised people such as cancer patients or people with HIV or AIDS.

In a recent small study, scientists learned that COVID-19 patients with diabetes that were treated with steroid drugs had a significantly increased risk of experiencing fungal infections like mucormycosis. Patients suffering from the fungal infection typically have symptoms of stuffy and bleeding nose; swelling of and pain in the eye; drooping of eyelids; and blurred and finally, loss of vision. There could be black patches of skin around the nose. Doctors say most of their patients arrive late, when they are already losing vision, and doctors have to surgically remove the eye and some parts of the nose to stop the infection from reaching the brain and to treat this infection. This disease attacks many people already suffering from diabetes. If the people arrive late for the diagnosis they can end up risking their precious organs like kidneys.

An antifungal intravenous injection which costs 3,500 rupees ($48) a dose and has to be administered every day for up to eight weeks is the only drug effective against the disease.

As well as covid cases are rising in India, black fungus has started to take its root from the city of Gujrat and Delhi. People are suffering from these deadly diseases and yet there is no cure for it.

24/05/2021

Could this be the end of Olympics?

The Olympics have been around for millenniums. The first recorded Olympic Games were held at Olympia in the Greek city of Elis in 779 B.C, but it is generally accepted that the Olympics were at least 500 years old at that time. The first modern Olympics were held at Athens in 1896. The Olympics are held every two years alternating between the Winter and Summer Olympics. The Olympics are considered as a matter of pride by both the athletes and the hosting countries. But in the past decades it has been a financial drain for the hosting country and because of this many less countries want to host these ancient games.

Most people don’t see the lasting damage the games do to the hosting city. Hosting these games is very expensive because of this there are increasing protest in countries bidding to host the Olympics. Firstly, a lot of buildings and stadiums are constructed on the land which can be used to make houses and other commercial activities. The stadiums are most likely to be abandoned after the games end because of high maintenance cost, which can be up to $35 million a year (per stadium), and at least 35 of them are to be made. They also require Olympic Village that can cost $1.5-3 billion. Then they require media and television production facilities which can could easily go for $0.5-1 billion. They require a media village. They require ceremonial space, and green space. They require transportation amongst all of them, and special lanes for the IOC (International Olympics’ Committee) executive’s transportation amongst all of the venues. Every game in the past 50 years has gone over budget. The Sochi Winter Olympics in 2014 went $41 billion over budget. The initial budget was $10 billion but a total of $51 billion was spent. This was the most expensive games in the history. This money was equivalent of feeding the world’s entire population for a whole day! A total of $182.96 was spent on these games in the last 20 years and more than 80% of the buildings lay vacant. Most cities don't even know what to use them for after the games. Those facilities fall into decay if they're not kept up, and that hurts property value. Cities used to make a profit from the games. Partly because they collected a lot of revenue in TV rights. But recently the International Olympic Committee has been taking a larger percentages. In 1992 it took 4% of the revenue but in the 2016 Rio games, it took more than 70% of the revenue, leaving the hosting cities with huge losses.

Cities also spend a lot of money campaigning to host the Olympics, Chicago spent $100 million to host the 2016 games but lost the biding. This results in less cities biding to host the Olympics. 12 cities bid for the 2004 games, 5 in 2020 and only 2 in the 2022 Olympics. This is the major reason why the Olympics are dying. The hosting countries pay for everything and the IOC gets the most profit. Many people think that it is not worth it anymore.

Amongst Madrid, Istanbul, and Tokyo, Tokyo was bid for the summer Olympics in 2020 but Madrid and Istanbul dodged a massive bullet. The Tokyo Olympics were initially to be held in 2020, but due to the global pandemic, Covid 19, the games were postponed to 2021. This was a huge loss to Japan as they had spent billions of dollars on the preparations. They are the most expensive summer games ever and that is even before the games have taken place. The Japanese public is highly against them and there is no guarantee that they will even happen in 2021.

When Tokyo was bid in 2013, their initial budget was $7.3 billion but today experts estimate the cost has more than tripled at $26 billion dollars. A total of 43 venues had to be built including the national stadium, which was to be used for the opening and closing ceremonies. The Japanese hired Star architect Zaha Hadid for the national stadium but the cost quickly went over budget. $2 billion was required to build it. This plan was quickly scraped off. Then Japanese architect Kengo Kuma was hired, but the cost was still well over budget. It cost $1.4 billion dollars to build the 68,000 seat stadium even though it was made using a mixture of steel and wood. With eight new venues and 10 temporary ones. There's a plaza for badminton and pentathlon, an aquatic centre for swimming and diving, the volleyball arena, and of course, the canoe and kayak centre. The cost added up quickly. The gymnastics stadium had a budget of $81 million dollars but by the time it was completed the cost more than doubled, at almost $200 million. The construction of the 21 buildings in the Olympic Village had a cost of almost $2 billion. That cost was to be turned into a profit by selling them to the public once the games were over but today they are sitting empty because more money was to be spent to commercialize them. The opening and closing ceremonies were to cost $120 million alone.

The yearlong postpone of the games added another $2 billion dollars to the total cost. This includes maintenance, security. Tokyo also had to rent the Olympic village for a whole year instead of just a month. Lots of stadiums and sports players' housing, those are just left empty without being utilized. There was a huge loss in it. This included cancelling many of the warm-up events that would have brought in revenue. The public feels probably that its better that the games are cancelled, or at least postponed. However, the companies have a different view. The corporate sector, they definitely want to hold a games this year. If the games are held in 2021, that would add another $1 billion to the cost. This would include hiring 300 doctors and 400 nurses every day for Covid 19 precautions. Insurance cost, if the games are cancelled are estimated between $2-3 billion. That’s almost half the budget Tokyo made to host the games in 2013. Whether the games will happen or not, the bill is due coming.

The problem is not building the stadiums, it is how they are deserted afterwards, meaning billions of dollars are wasted which could have been spent on the people but also land is also lost which could have been used for other projects which could have bought in revenue.

20/05/2021

Could this be the beginning of another pandemic in India?

India is experiencing the world's worst Covid-19 outbreak, with new cases breaking global records and some hospitals running out of medical facilities. The conditions are so bad that people can’t find beds and oxygen cylinders in the hospital. Even as India struggles to contain a deadly surge of COVID-19, doctors are now reporting cases of a rare infection called the “black fungus,” occurring among people recovering from the Covid 19.

Black fungus or mucormycosis is a deadly infection that has started to rise in India, the same as Covid 19. The fungal infection is increasingly being seen in vulnerable patients in India, as the country’s healthcare worker struggles to save lives during the pandemic.
Mucormycosis is a type of virus that is caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes that is found in damp soil and decaying organic matter. It affects the sinuses, the brain and the lungs and can be life-threatening in diabetic or severely immunocompromised people such as cancer patients or people with HIV or AIDS.

In a recent small study, scientists learned that COVID-19 patients with diabetes that were treated with steroid drugs had a significantly increased risk of experiencing fungal infections like mucormycosis. Patients suffering from the fungal infection typically have symptoms of stuffy and bleeding nose; swelling of and pain in the eye; drooping of eyelids; and blurred and finally, loss of vision. There could be black patches of skin around the nose. Doctors say most of their patients arrive late, when they are already losing vision, and doctors have to surgically remove the eye and some parts of the nose to stop the infection from reaching the brain and to treat this infection. This disease attacks many people already suffering from diabetes. If the people arrive late for the diagnosis they can end up risking their precious organs like kidneys.

An antifungal intravenous injection which costs $48 a dose and has to be administered every day for up to eight weeks is the only drug effective against the disease.

As covid cases are rising in India, black fungus has started to take its root from the city of Gujrat and Delhi. People are suffering from these deadly diseases and yet there is no cure for it.
Courtesy of : Abuzar Imran

18/05/2021

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A History

The history of this conflict begins well before World War 1. At that time most of the Jews lived in Europe. Palestine was inhabited by Arab Muslims and a small number of Jews. It was controlled by the Great Ottoman Empire which ruled the area for almost 500 years. Around the end of the 19th century nationalist movements began to rise (Jewish) called the Zionist movement. The Jews started discussing migration towards Israel and establish the Jewish state as a solution to the widespread persecution of the Jews. Zionist ambitions were increasingly identified as a threat by the Arab leaders in the Palestine region. There were many skirmishes from both sides as early as the 1880s. By 1908, the Arabs had killed 13 Jews trying to settle in the Palestine region. 6 Arabs had also been fatally wounded during these skirmishes. The wealthy Jews started buying land in Palestine and allowed the Jews to settle there. The Arabs protested against this acquisition of the land by the Jewish population, as a result, the Ottoman authorities banned the sale of land to foreigners in 1892. But the Jewish immigrants kept coming and settled in the already Jewish-owned land. By 1914, 61,000 Jews had settled in Palestine, 33,000 of them being recent settlers.
During World War 1, the Ottoman Empire had sided with Germany against the Allied Forces. Germany had lost the war and the Allies forced it to sign the treaty of Versailles. The Ottoman Empire was also forced to sign the Treaty of Sevres, which resulted in the abolishment of the Great Ottoman Empire which ruled the area for almost 600 years. With the abolishment of the Ottoman Empire, Palestine came under British rule. In 1917, the British released a public statement which was proposed by Arthur Balfour and came to know as the Balfour Declaration. The proposal was to
“Favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, but that nothing should be done to prejudice the civil and religious rights of the existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.”
Exactly one month after the declaration was issued, a large-scale celebration took place at the Royal Opera House. Speeches were given by leading Zionists as well as members of the British administration. From 1918 till the beginning of World War 2 in 1939, Almost 400,000 Jews had migrated towards Palestine, towards their self-proclaimed home in a period of 20 years. The local Christian and Muslim community of Palestine, who constituted almost 90% of the population, strongly opposed the declaration. This was seen as an invasion by the local Arabs because without their permission, how could the British allow the Jews to settle in their homeland.
When the N**i Dictator, Adolf Hi**er rose to power he began a campaign to kill the Jews known as the Holocaust. During World War 2, primarily between the years 1941 till 1945 the Jews were persecuted. Adolf Hi**er was against the Jews. They were forced to wear yellow badges and were sent to concentration camps. Many died because of starvation, the spread of diseases, mass shootings, and gas chambers. This period was a nightmare for the Jews. Around 6 million Jews were killed during this massacre. Jews were killed in German-controlled Europe. After this genocide many more Jews started migrating towards Palestine. Around 181,000 more Jewish people settled in Palestine within two years after World War 2 (1945-1947).
Now from 1947 onwards this conflict took a deadly turn and became what we see today, a genocide. This conflict was taken to the United Nations. A committee was formed and a resolution was reached on 3rd September 1947. The plan was to partition Palestine into two. 44% of the area was to be given to the Arab Muslims including Jerusalem but had to accommodate a tiny Jewish population. 56% of the land was to be given to the Jews but they had to accommodate a sizeable Muslim minority. Non-side was too happy with the proposals made. The Jews weren’t satisfied because they were losing Jerusalem and the Muslims were worried that a large number of Muslims were under Jewish control. However many Jews and Jewish activists in Palestine were ready to accept the proposals. The British still had authority over the area on mandate till May 15th, 1948. Every major Arab leader objected in principle to the right of the Jews to an independent state in Palestine. The Arab countries (all of which had opposed the plan) proposed to query the International Court of Justice on the competence of the General Assembly to partition a country against the wishes of the majority of its inhabitants but were defeated. This was the major reason that sparked the first war between the two nations.
The 1947-1948 war began almost immediately after the approval of the resolution on 29th November 1947. There were riots, stoning, and murders. Many were shot. The Arabs also attacked the Polish and Swedish consulates as they had voted for the partition. Snipers started shooting people in the streets of Tel Aviv. On 9th April, 120 Jews went on and attacked a village. There was no one to defend it and a total of 600 people were massacred. By the end of March 1948, 2000 people had been killed and more than 4000 people were injured. On 14th May 1948, one day before the British mandate expired, it declared “the establishment of the State of Israel “.The Declaration stated that the State of Israel would "ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or s*x; it will guarantee freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture; it will safeguard the Holy Places of all religions; it will be faithful to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations". With this, the first war came to an end but led to the start of another.
After the British mandate expired on 14-15 May 1948 armies of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and Lebanon intervened and a full-scale war (Arab-Israeli War) began. The Arab armies went and took control of many Palestinian villages and urged the people to stay in their homes while they fought. On the other hand, the Israelis started assaults on the Arabs and they were forced to retreat. The war ended in an Israeli victory. Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt signed the 1949 Armistice Agreements with Israel. The remaining territories, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan, respectively. Jordan also annexed East Jerusalem while Israel administered West Jerusalem. In 1950, the West Bank was unilaterally incorporated into Jordan.
With the ending of the second war, the Jews expelled more than 700,000 Arab Muslims from Israel. The refugees came to be known as Palestinian Refugees. The Arab countries also responded to this and a total of 856,000 were expelled from the Arab countries including Jews from Libya, Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, and North Africa left due to physical and political insecurity. The majority of them were forced to abandon their properties. During the period of 1948-51, a total of 250,000 refugees migrated to Israel and by the end of 1972, the number of people increased by 600,000.
The period of 1950-67 was a period of great violence for the Israelis. The Jordanian army made many attacks on the Israeli citizens. The Palestinian militants were also responsible for many attacks on the Jews. The Lavon Affair led to the distrusting of the Egyptians and in February of 1955, Israel attacked the Egyptian Military base in Gaza. 39 Egyptians were killed. This resulted in the Egyptians turning against the Israelis. They started training and supplying to the Palestinian militants who attacked the Israelis. The Muslim countries in the world especially the Arabs were determined to drive the Jews out of Palestine and establish a Muslim government.
In the year 1967, the Egyptians expelled the United Nations Emergency Force from the Gaza strip and increased the number of troops. Several other threatening gestures were made by the Arab countries. Seeing the Israelis launched a series of attacks on the Muslims and this came to be known as the 6-day war. By the end of the war, Israelis had captured Jerusalem, which was a huge blow to the Muslims. Palestinian were allowed to live in East Jerusalem. This was the key war that strengthened the Jewish state of Israel. The Arabs were furious and met in Khartoum in August 1967. They reached a consensus that there should be no recognition, no peace, and no negotiations with the State of Israel.
The defeat of the Arab countries in the Six-Day War prompted fractured Palestinian political and militant groups to give up any remaining hope of independence from the Jews. In the next 25 years, from 1967-93, there were many mass shootings and skirmishes from both sides. Many rockets were shot at school buses, homes, and offices. This was a time of genocide for all the people living there. . A total of 45,987 Muslims and 5528 Jews were killed during this period.
Then things took a turn when the Israeli President Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat were invited to Oslo by the American President Bill Clinton in 1993. This was the first attempt to make peace between the two nations. A peace agreement was reached and in 1994 Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat were given the Nobel Peace Prize. In February 1994, the Israelis murdered 29 Palestinians and wounded 125 at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. As an act of revenge for the massacre, in April 1994, Hamas launched su***de attacks targeting the Israeli civilian population in many locations throughout Israel. In September 1995, the two leaders signed the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement. But in January 1996, Israel assassinated the chief bomb maker of Hamas, Yahiya Ayyash. As a result, Hamas carried out two su***de bombings in Jerusalem. Because of this there relations weakened. Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat were called in for Camp David Summit in 2000 but little was achieved.
From 2000 till present, the Israelis had dominated the region and had killed hundreds of Palestinians and thousands more had been made homeless. According to History, we can see a few things. Firstly, the Jews had no right to come in and settling in a foreign land that belonged to the Palestinians. This was clearly an invasion. Secondly, the British had no authority to help the Jews settle there without the permission of the Jews. The British were the major reason for the migration of hundreds of thousands of Jews. Third and the most important thing, the United Nations kept silent in this matter. This matter could have been solved peacefully if the UN had intervened properly. The world kept silent when the people were being massacred. But neither the Jews nor the Muslims is to be blamed for the rise of this issue but the question still remains WHO IS?

Courtesy of : Abuzar Imran

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