English grammar, psc, etea, nts prepration kpk.

English grammar, psc, etea, nts prepration kpk. اس پیج پر ہر طرح کی دینی ، دنیاوی ، تعلیمی، سیاسی اور حالات حاضرا کی مفید معلومات کا بہترین پیج ۔

14/03/2024

Revise functions of model verbs: grade 10th
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Ability
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Can
could
was able to
couldn't
wasn't able to.
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Suggestions
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Could
shall I, we....
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Possibility
probability:
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Might
may
must
could
can't be
can he be?
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Advice strong obligations:
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Should
ought to
had better.
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Permission( ask/ refuse)
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Can
could
may
might
mustn't
can't.
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Obligation necessity
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Must
have to
have got to
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Request:
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Can
Could
Will
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Absence of necessity:
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Need not
Don't need
Don't have to
Didn't/ didn't have to.
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Offer:
====
Would you like
Shall I/ we
Will?
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Prohibition:
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Must not
Can't

04/03/2024

Grade 6th
Uses of Ought to:
Used to express obligations or duty through advice.
The use of ought to is similar to should but it is much less frequent.
Ought to is rarely used in question and negative.
Express ideas, such as duty and necessity.
It is not a forceful as must, but it is stronger than should.

1. After the subject and before another verb:
We ought to do more exercise.
2. Forming questions, we don't use do, does, did:
Ought we to be more worried about the environment?
3. Ought can't be used with another model verb:
Medicine ought to be free.
We ought not to have ordered so much food.
Use of Has to, have to
نا ہے، نی ہے، نے ہے۔ پڑنا ہے، پڑنی ہے، پڑنے ہیں۔
I have to go. مجھے جانا ہے۔
Use of began to
لگا، لگی، لگے۔
I began to read. میں پڑھنے لگا
I did not begin to read.
Use of able to
قابل ہونا۔
I am able to drive a car.
Use of dare (ہمت ہے)
========
I dare to speak. مجھ میں بات کرنے کی ہمت ہے۔
I dare not to speak. مجھ میں بات کرنے کی ہمت نہیں ہے۔
Grade 7th
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I dare say this.
I dare not say this.
Dare she say this?
Uses of need (ضرورت ہے)
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You need to speak. تمھیں بولنے کی ضرورت ہے۔
You need not to speak. تمھیں بولنے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے
Grade 7th
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I need to have my hair cut.
You need not worry about that.
Need you make so much noise?
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Grade 10th
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You need not take your umbrella. It is not raining. ( expressing lack of necessity)

04/03/2024

Grade 6th
Uses of shall :
1. To make offer:
Shall I help you with that?
Shall I call you on your mobile?
2. To make promise:
I shall never forget where I came from.
I shall always be with you.
3. An interrogative sentences shall is used to polite seek the listener or opinion about a future decisions.
Where shall we begin?
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Grade 10th
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Shall I help you with your luggage?
( for offering someone help)

29/02/2024

Uses of might:( سکے گا، سکے گی، سکے گیں)
Used with situation that are speculative or did not actually happen.
Used to Refer to weak possibilities.
Past tense میں استعمال ہوتا ہے
I thought you might not come. مجھے لگا تم آسکو گے۔
1. Past tense of MAY
The Teacher said that he might go home.
2. To Express the past tense of purpose:
He ran fast so that he might catch the train.
He played well so that he might win the match.
3. To express doubtful possibility:
He has not worked hard, but he might pass.
She is working hard she might win a scholarship.
4. To Express the past tense of possibility:
The tortoise said that he might win the race.
The doctor said that the patient might recover soon.
5. To express some future conditions:
If he gets money, he might go to England.
If she works hard, she might top the class.
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Grade 6th
========
1. When we are not sure about something:
I might see you tomorrow.
It looks nice, but it might be very expensive.
It's quite bright. It might not rain today.
2. As the past tense of may for request:
He asked if he might borrow the car.
They wanted to know if they might came later.
3. For very polite request:
Might I ask you a question?
Might we just interrupt for a moment?
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Grade 10th
=========
Whose book is this? I m not sure. It might be anam's. ( possibility)

29/02/2024

Uses of MAY(سکتا ہے، سکتی ہے، سکتے ہیں) guest شاید
May is used to ask for permission or to give permission.
May is more polite than can or could when asking for permission.
We can use " may not" to refuse permission but it is formal.
May is used to speculate about past actions.
We use may when we are not sure about in present or future.
سوال میں MAY کا استعمال میں سوال کرنے والے میں power نہیں ہوتا ۔۔۔ جیسے boss or teacher سے اجازت کے لئے ۔۔۔
1. Permission
May I use this pen?
May I come in sir ?
You may go there.
2. To Express possibilty:
It may rain today.
You may get a prize.
3. To Express purpose:
We eat so that we may live.
He works hard so that he may pass.
4. Wish or prayer:
May you live long.
May God bless you with a son.
May be کیا جا سکتا ہے
May be + noun بن سکتا ہے
May have + noun پاس ہو سکتا ہے
5.

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Grade 6th
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May I go to the toilet? ( asking for permission)
I may be able to help you with your work ( possibility)
Don't touch that wire because it may be dangerous
You may cook those vegetables because they have already cooked.
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Grade 7th
May I ask a question? Yes, of course.
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Grade 8th
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His excuse may be true, but I don't believe.
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Grade 9th
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Model auxiliary verb has the same meaning.
There is a possibility of rain tomorrow.
Or
It may rain tomorrow.
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Grade 10th
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May I use your mobile phone? ( to make a semi-formal request.

29/02/2024

Uses of could( سکا ، سکی، سکے) پایا، پائی، پائے
I could not come. میں کل نہیں آ پایا۔
Could is more formal and polite than can.
We used could to make general statement about past.
We often used could in a question to ask somebody to do something.
It is also used to suggest something.
Polite ask for permission to do something.
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Past tense of can indirect form
1. Past tense of power:
I asked him if the headmaster could give me admission.
2. Past tense of ability:
I could solve the whole paper in one hour.
3. Past tense of polite request:
Could you spare some time for me.
Could you lend me your book.
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Grade 6th
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We could meet at the weekend. ( Suggestion or advice)
It could have Rashid because he is in swat ( doubt)
1. To talk about past time
She could speak several languages.
They couldn't dance very well.
2. Ask for permission to do something:
Could I ask a question please?
Could we go home now?
3. Say that someone had the ability/ opportunity to do something:
She could have learned stitching, but she didn't have time.
I could have studied all night but didn't.
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Grade 8th
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I didn't feel very well yesterday. I couldn't eat anything.
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Grade 10th
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1.Could you say it again more slowly.
( to make a request )
2.Could you take a message please?( Request )
3. Speak up, I couldn't hear you!

29/02/2024

Uses of CAN(سکتا ہے، سکتی ہے، سکتے ہیں) sure ہوتا ہے
Used to express someone able to do something.
Ask question in informal way.
جب سوال CAN سے کریں گے تو اس میں power ہو گا۔۔۔ friends and family سے سوال CAN میں ہوتا ہے۔۔۔
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1. To express ability.
e.g He can speak english fluently.
He can swim across the river.
2. To express possibilty.
e.g.The principal can also fine him.
Any one can read this letter.
3. To express permission:
e.g. You can go home after doing your homework.
You can't leave this office without my permission.
4. To express disposition:
e.g. she can tell a lie at anytime.
Can be کیا جا سکتا ہے v +3 passive voice
Can be + noun بن سکتا ہے
Can have + noun پاس ہو سکتا ہے
English can be spoken. انگلش بولی جا سکتی ہے۔
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Grade 6th
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They can fix the problem ( ability)
They cannot fix the problem ( inability)
Can I have a cup of tea, please? ( request)
Can I go with you? ( asking for permission)
Can I help you? ( offer or invitation)
Can I borrow your rubber, please? Yes, of course you can.
I can swim quite well when I was five years old.
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Grade 7th
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Can you speak Italian? No, I cannot.
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Grade 8th
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Can I go to the bathroom, please ?
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Grade 9th
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Auxiliary verb has the same meaning.
They are able to speak English well. Or
They can speak English well.
Are you able to drive a tractor? Or
Can you drive a tractor?
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Grade 10th
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1.Can you help me with this excersise? ( to Express or inquire about willingness)
2.( requesting someone for help)
3. You can leave work at 3:30 today.( permission)
4. Thank you for calling sir, how can I help you?

29/02/2024

Uses of will
1. Promise:
I will always love you.
2. Offer:
I will help you with this task.
3. Opinion:
I think this team will win.
4. First condition: if it doesn't rain, I will go to the beach.
5. Used for willingness and determination.
6. Used for capacity or capability.
7. Used for persistence
8. When the subject is placed after "if" and " will" after the subject, its indicates the subjects willingness.
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Grade 7th
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People will walk on grass.
Drivers will stop when the traffic lights are red.
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Grade 8th
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She will return tonight. She should return tonight.
I m sure they they will finish it in a minute. They would finish it in a minute.
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Grade 10th
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1.The weather will be hot enough to go to the beach this weekend.
( to make a prediction)
2. If I go to Peshawar, I will see the Bala Hisar Fort.

11/11/2023

Uses of Would ( تا، تی، تے پر ختم ہونے والے الفاظ )
We use would mainly to talk about the past.
And to express something that has not happened at time we are talking about mean to show possible future event.
To make polite request.
To show repetitive past action.
To show wish and desire to show desire.
To ask question.
1. Past of will.
ماضی میں آہیندہ ہونے والے کام کی بات کی گئی ہو۔
Example:
(i)He had said that I would go to Lahore.
اس نے کہا تھا کہ وہ لاہور جائے گا۔
(ii) I informed him that I would come.
میں نے اس کو بتایا کہ میں آوں گا۔
2. Repetition in past.
ماضی میں کوئی کام بار بار ہوتا تھا۔ اس کو بتانے کے لئے۔ یعنی used to کی طرح عادت کو بتاتا ہے۔ اور معنی used to کی طرح ہی ہوتا ہے۔
Example:
(i) When I was a kid I would go to school and I would play football.
جب میں بچہ تھا میں سکول جاتا تھا اور فٹ بال کھیلتا تھا۔
3. Would like to.
چاہوں گا، چاہیں گے، پسند کریں گے، لینا چاہیں گے۔ کے معنی کے لئے استعمال کرتے ہیں۔
Example:
(i) Would you like to have coffee ?
کیا آپ کوفی لینا پسند کریں گے/ لینا چاہیں گے؟
(ii) I would like to have tea.
میں چاہے پینا پسند کروں گا/ چاہوں گا۔
4. Offer and possibility
جیسے میں لاہور جاوں گا تو آپ کہتے ہیں I will go to lahore
لیکن جب آپ کو یقین نہ ہو کہ لاہور جاہیں گے ، شک ہو کہ جاہیں گے کہ نہیں تو would کا استعمال کریں گے۔
Example: I would go to Lahore.
اور جب کوئی چیز آفر کر رہے ہیں تب بھی اس کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔
Example:
(i) Would you play with me?
5. Would you mind if + present indefinite.
کیا آپ کو برا لگے گا اگر۔۔۔
کیا اسے برا لگے گا اگر ۔۔۔ کے معنی کے لیے
Example:
(i) would you mind if I go home.
کیا آپ کو برا لگے گا اگر میں گھر جاوں؟
(ii) Would he mind if she comes here?
کیا اسے برا لگے گا اگر وہ یہاں آتی ہے؟
6. Would ( second conditional)
Conditional type 2
کے دوسرے جملے میں اور آخر میں تا ، تے ، تی کا معنی ہوتا ہے ۔
Example:
If I studied, I would pass exam.
I would میں جاتا
I would like to میں چاہوں گا
Choose چننا have a cup of tea.
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Grade 8th
========
Please, do it for me. Would you do it for me?
I would like to see your children. Should I see your children?
I was using my pencil a minute ago. It would be here somewhere!
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Grade 10th
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The dog would bark every time the doorbell tang. ( to show habitual activity)

08/11/2023

Model verb
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Use of Must (ضرور چاہئیے)
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1. Must is used for no choice.
Must be ضرور کیا جانا چاہیے
Must be+ noun ضرور بننا چاہیے
Must have ضرور پاس ہونا چاہیے
English must be spoken.انگلش ضرور بولی جانی چاہیے
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Grade 6th
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1. To show we are sure something is true:
It must be quite late.
2. With have for the past:
They must have been hungry.
You must have heard the good news.
3. For a very polite invitation:
You must come round and see us.
We must meet again soon.
4. For obligation and necessity:
Everyone must bring something to eat.
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Grade 8th
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You must look at me when I am talking to you.
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Grade 9th
========
Model auxiliary verb has the same meaning.
1. Do I have to clean the kitchen? Or
Must I clean the kitchen?
2. We are not allowed to swim when the red flag is flying. Or
We must not swim when the red flag is flying.
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Grade 10th
=========
You must not walk on grass. ( for prohibition)
She must have stayed home yesterday because her little son was sick. ( Necessity)

08/11/2023

Model verb
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Uses of should (چاہئیے) کوئی کام کریں یا نہ کریں آپ کی مرضی
============
1. Should express less possibility than shall.
2. Should is the only model verb that can be used after lest.
3. Use to express future conditions.
4. Used in polite or tentative expression of opinions.
5. Used to give advice or recommendations.
6. Should can be used with pronouns of all three persons to talk about duty and obligation.
7. Should is the past tense of shall in indirect speech.
8. Use for best choice.
9. Suggestions
جب کوئی عمر اور تجربہ میں چھوٹا ہو اور وہ کوئی بات کرے تو رائے کہلاتی ہے
and
advice
جب کوئی عمر اور تجربہ میں بڑا ہو اور وہ کوئی بات کرے تو نصیحت کہلاتی ہے
3. Obligation and necessity.
Examples:
You should send an email.
We should go by train.
You should stop at a red light.
Should be + 3rd form کیا جانا چاہئے passive
Should be + noun بننا چاہے
Should have پاس ہونا چاہیے
English should be spoken. انگلش بولی جانی چاہیے

========
Grade 6th
========
Its nearly six o clock. They should arrive soon. ( probability)
We should go by train. ( Suggestion or advice)
Should I help you with that? ( offer or invitation)
I should be studying but I am too tired. ( obligation)
Sonia should practice much if she wants to take part in the race.
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Grade 7th
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You should not take your umbrella. It is not raining.
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Grade 8th
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Don't stand up! You shouldn't stand up!
You should forget your sun cream. It is going to be very hot.
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Grade 10th
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1.He should come to the meetings on time. ( to convey the idea of an obligation)
2.You don't look well. You should see a doctor. ( advice)
3. You really shouldn't watch tv this much.
4. Amir should call his father urgently.

22/10/2023

Personal pronouns upto 10th class
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6th class
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Pronouns are words we use in place of a noun. We have both subject and object pronoun called personal pronouns.
Subject: I, she, he, you, it, they, we
Object: me, her, him, you, it, them, us.
1. Marwa [ she ] often reads the Holy Quran.
2. Aslam [ he ] is watching TV.
3. The hat[ it ] is green.
4. The cat [ it ] is running.
5. My sister and I [ we ] are going to the park.
6. The roses [ they ] are in the garden.
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7th class
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1. Jameel and I[ we ] are friends.
2. The computer [ it ] is broken.
3. She will talk to jameela [ her ] later today.
4. He does not know Palwasha and Maria [ them ].
5. The teacher helped my friend and me[ us ].

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