Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences - JEAS

08/10/2025

Bioherbicides: revolutionizing w**d management for sustainable agriculture in the era of One-health

Raza et al., 2025

21/09/2025

Seed Biopriming: A Powerful Tool for Boosting Plant Resilience Against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Plant Science MCQs: https://www.google.com/search?q=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&num=10&sca_esv=6d8a3612e971de9e&sxsrf=AE3TifM4jclpmLioJP1pdjux-AYsEN0P-A%3A1758316995018&ei=w8nNaM5txK3Fzw-GmNbAAQ&ved=0ahUKEwiO24-f4eWPAxXEVvEDHQaMFRgQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiF0pFQVMgUGxhbnQgc2NpZW5jZSBNQ1FzMgQQIxgnMggQABiABBiiBDIIEAAYgAQYogQyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBUjPBlAAWABwAHgBkAEAmAH2AaAB9gGqAQMyLTG4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAvwBmAMAkgcDMi0xoAfUBLIHAzItMbgH_AHCBwMyLTHIBwU&sclient=gws-wiz-serp

Seed biopriming is a powerful seed treatment technique that involves the controlled hydration of seeds combined with inoculation by beneficial biological agents such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, fungi (e.g., Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, Bacillus), and other microbes. This process triggers pre-germination metabolic activities without radical emergence, allowing beneficial microorganisms to establish on the seed surface, creating a protective layer that enhances seed and seedling resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses.

Benefits of Seed Biopriming
Enhanced Germination and Seedling Vigor: Bioprimed seeds show faster, more uniform germination and increased seedling vigor under adverse conditions.

Improved Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake: The microbes used facilitate nutrient uptake, stimulate plant hormone synthesis, and promote root development.

Increased Resistance to Stresses: Biopriming induces plant systemic resistance to pathogens such as Fusarium, Verticillium, and Rhizoctonia, and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, by activating antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive genes.

Reduced Chemical Inputs: By improving natural resistance and growth, biopriming decreases the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, supporting environmentally sustainable agriculture.

Soil Health and Legacy: It helps maintain a beneficial soil microbiome, enhancing soil fertility and ecosystem sustainability in the long term.

Mechanisms Behind Biopriming's Effectiveness
Activation of enzymes that mobilize seed reserves, including amylases and isocitrate lyase.

Induction of biochemical and molecular pathways supporting cell repair and stress tolerance.

Enhancing plant defense pathways through microbial interactions and hormone regulation.


Improving osmotic potential and metabolic adjustments, enhancing seed viability and vigor.

Photo Credit: Srivastava et al.,

20/09/2025

Phytohormone-Crosstalk in Plant Stress Resilience and Growth Regulation

Plant Science MCQs: https://www.google.com/search?q=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&sca_esv=8f37aa539897307f&sxsrf=AE3TifNbScTzAKKTb86MfV9amHV5FCuqtA%3A1758311199392&source=hp&ei=H7PNaI6qFqaLxc8P_bmeqAc&iflsig=AOw8s4IAAAAAaM3BL6iKpZ6QhHOhIOOgSwHP3q73aUe0&ved=0ahUKEwjOtcXTy-WPAxWmRfEDHf2cB3UQ4dUDCBg&uact=5&oq=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&gs_lp=Egdnd3Mtd2l6IhdKRUFTIFBsYW50IHNjaWVuY2UgTUNRczIEECMYJzIIEAAYgAQYogQyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBUioBlAAWABwAHgAkAEAmAG1AqABtQKqAQMzLTG4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsYCmAMAkgcDMy0xoAetBLIHAzMtMbgHxgLCBwMzLTHIBww&sclient=gws-wiz

An intricate network of phytohormone interactions in plants under both abiotic and biotic stresses.
• Abiotic Stresses: These include environmental factors like high light, salinity, chilling/freezing, heat, drought, and flooding.
• Biotic Stresses: These involve living organisms such as fungi, viruses, and insects.
• Phytohormones: The diagram highlights the roles of various phytohormones, including Salicylic Acid (SA), Abscisic Acid (ABA), Jasmonic Acid (JA), Indole-3-acetic Acid (IAA), and Ethylene (ET) in mediating plant responses to these stresses.
• Phytohormone Interactions: These interactions lead to several adaptive responses, such as increasing the antioxidant system, reducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation, inducing secondary metabolism, controlling stomatal closure, assisting in phytohormone transport, maintaining growth-defense homeostasis, activating defense-related genes, and promoting secondary root formation.
• Cellular and Tissue Level Responses: The image also shows the anatomical structures involved in these responses, such as the cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll in leaves, and epidermis, cortex, xylem, and endodermis in roots, demonstrating how these interactions occur at both the cellular and whole-plant levels.

20/09/2025

Bacillus-Derived Phytohormones Shaping Plant Development, Stress Tolerance, and Productivity

Plant Sciences MCQs: https://www.google.com/search?q=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&sca_esv=8f37aa539897307f&sxsrf=AE3TifNbScTzAKKTb86MfV9amHV5FCuqtA%3A1758311199392&source=hp&ei=H7PNaI6qFqaLxc8P_bmeqAc&iflsig=AOw8s4IAAAAAaM3BL6iKpZ6QhHOhIOOgSwHP3q73aUe0&ved=0ahUKEwjOtcXTy-WPAxWmRfEDHf2cB3UQ4dUDCBg&uact=5&oq=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&gs_lp=Egdnd3Mtd2l6IhdKRUFTIFBsYW50IHNjaWVuY2UgTUNRczIEECMYJzIIEAAYgAQYogQyBRAAGO8FMgUQABjvBUioBlAAWABwAHgAkAEAmAG1AqABtQKqAQMzLTG4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsYCmAMAkgcDMy0xoAetBLIHAzMtMbgHxgLCBwMzLTHIBww&sclient=gws-wiz

Bacillus spp., a type of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), enhances plant growth and stress tolerance through the production of various phytohormones and other mechanisms.
• Bacillus species produce phytohormones such as cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, which directly promote plant growth and stimulate root exudation.
• These bacteria also help plants overcome various stresses, including drought, salinity, and iron stress, and can enhance nutrient uptake and thermotolerance.
• The benefits extend to increased seed germination, improved nutritional metabolism, and regulation of endogenous phytohormones.

Poveda & González-Andrés

19/09/2025

Effect of Drought Stress on Plants, and Drought Stress Response Mechanisms

Plant Sciences MCQs: https://www.google.com/search?q=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&sca_esv=6d8a3612e971de9e&sxsrf=AE3TifNkrQkyOljOfLgTrBPWqmBD-ggQ_Q%3A1758308670491&source=hp&ei=PqnNaLn9G7ukkdUP0pSliQ4&iflsig=AOw8s4IAAAAAaM23TqARWxt7KLbP4gk_q2fWhB6EpDun&ved=0ahUKEwi5lNWdwuWPAxU7UqQEHVJKKeEQ4dUDCBg&uact=5&oq=JEAS+Plant+science+MCQs&gs_lp=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&sclient=gws-wiz

Effect of Drought Stress
Reduced Carbon Fixation: Stomatal closure, a primary response to drought, limits CO2 intake, thus affecting carboxylation.
Increased Photorespiration: Drought stress can lead to an increase in photorespiration, a less efficient process compared to photosynthesis.
Rubisco Activity Reduction: Lower tissue water potential and other factors can lead to a decrease in rubisco activity, an essential enzyme for carbon fixation.
Oxidative Damage: Increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due to drought can cause oxidative damage to chloroplasts.
Impaired ATP Synthesis: Drought can impede ATP synthesis, which is crucial for energy-intensive processes like photosynthesis.
Reduced Nutrient Uptake: Down-regulation of noncyclic electron transport and other factors can lead to a decrease in nutrient uptake.
Increased Disease Incidence: Drought stress can weaken plants, making them more susceptible to diseases.

Drought Stress Response
Water Conservation: Plants develop thicker cuticles, decrease leaf expansion, and modify stomata density and distribution, along with increased trichomes, to reduce water loss.
Osmotic Adjustment: Plants accumulate osmolytes like sugars, amino acids, alkaloids, polyols, and inorganic ions to maintain turgor and osmotic balance.
Enhanced Water Uptake: Increased root length and density, higher xylem abundance, and larger xylem vessels improve the plant's ability to uptake water from deeper soil layers.
Hormonal Regulation: Production of phytohormones, particularly ABA, plays a crucial role in regulating drought responses like stomatal closure.
Antioxidant Defense: Plants increase the production of ROS-scavenging substances (e.g., SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR) to mitigate oxidative damage caused by drought.

Photo source: Iqbal et al.,

12/09/2025

Artificial intelligence could transform disaster risk reduction and climate action. 💡

Machine learning technologies can enhance early warning systems, optimize energy efficiency and food production — but not without risks.

We need to find ways to ensure such innovations benefit those who need it most, and this means overcoming the digital divide and data bias.

12/09/2025

The Irtysh River in flows through three countries and supports around 15 million people. A study found that the river’s downstream sub-basins are experiencing greater scarcity, while the upstream sub-basins are undergoing significant warming.

The study suggests mechanisms to improve and transboundary collaboration in equitable water allocation. It also recommends actions on the adoption of water-saving technologies, broader cooperation in agricultural , and establishment of a data-sharing platform.

🟠 READ https://development.asia/insight/enhancing-transboundary-cooperation-river-basin-management-climate-adaptation

Asian Development Bank Kazakhstan

10/09/2025

The Perseverance rover on Mars has observed unusual minerals associated with organic matter — raising questions about the geochemistry of ancient Mars, providing strong hints that life once existed on Mars

Source: Nature

10/09/2025

Protecting Endangered Species: Indus River Dolphin

https://jeas.agropublishers.com/2022/12/protecting-endangered-species-indus-water-dolphin-abstract/

River dolphins i.e., Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis); Bolivian river dolphin (Inia boliviensis); Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica); Indus river dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor); La Plata dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), are the most endangered species live in geographically isolated rivers and estuaries of South Asia and South America.

In addition to these river dolphins, Baiji (Yangtze or Chinese river dolphin; Lipotes vexillifer) was also a freshwater dolphin, recently considered extinct. Habitats of river dolphins, including Indus river dolphins, are experiencing combinations of persistent natural and anthropogenic threats. Habitat destruction and fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, overfishing, bycatch and entanglement in fishing tools, sedimentation of riverbeds, chemical and noise pollution, human interference, and accidental vessel strikes are significant threats to the survival of Indus river dolphins.

Conservation efforts like habitat restoration and protection, legislation and fishing regulation, awareness-raising campaigns, dolphin monitoring and research, National and International cooperations, and National Heritage Animal status helped to increase the survival of critically endangered Indus river dolphins.

Keywords: Anthropogenic effects, freshwater ecosystem, habitat restoration, water pollution, species conservation, Protecting Endangered Species.

Protecting Endangered Species, Indus River Dolphin

09/09/2025

Remediation of Saline Soils by Application of Biochar: A Review

https://jeas.agropublishers.com/2022/12/remediation-of-saline-soils-by-application-of-biochar-a-review/

Globally, agriculture is the backbone of farmers and plays a crucial role in food security, for a world with increasing population and food demand. As we know that the world’s population is increasing rapidly every year, so the supply of food for the alarmingly increasing world population has become a serious problem. Food insecurity is aggravated by changing climatic conditions, soil degradation, and loss of arable lands due to various abiotic stresses, including salinity. Salinity greatly affects the world’s agricultural lands due to various factors such as low availability of fresh and salt-free water, high temperature, etc. The salinity is caused by both primary and secondary processes. Primary salinity is mainly caused by many natural processes while secondary is mainly caused by human activities. Salinity is a land degradation process, characterized by a high concentration of soluble salts in the soil. It can suppress crop growth by influencing various functions and processes of plants, ultimately leading to significant yield reduction. Biochar is an organic-based material that helps to remediate soil salinity by various mechanisms in the soil system. Biochar has the potential to enrich microbial diversity and enhance activity which plays a vital role in the improvement of soil physical, chemical, and biological activities enhancing the productivity of the crops. The present review contains extensive details about salinity and its remediation using biochar.

Remediation, Saline Soils, biochar, Application, carbon sequestration, food security, microbial activity, sustainable agriculture, water availability

09/09/2025

Research Gaps and Their 5 Key Types
Research gaps represent areas where existing knowledge is lacking, insufficient, or inconclusive, presenting valuable opportunities for new studies to make meaningful contributions. Identifying these gaps is crucial as it shapes research focus, informs study design, and propels advancements in a field, ultimately addressing significant issues and enhancing comprehension.

Research Gaps and their 5 Key Types, Evidence Gap, Methodological Gap, Theoretical Gap, Empirical Gap, Knowledge Gap, Systematic Review