13/11/2025
Excellent article from our Editor Assistant, Matthew Arruda!
JOÃO CÉSAR MONTEIRO
Filmmaker and Spiritual Anarchist
From October 16th through November 6th, the MoMA (Museum of Modern Art) in New York fea-tured a retrospective of the Portuguese filmmaker João César Monteiro (1939-2003).
The legendary Manoel de Oliveira (1908-2015) aside, most view Monteiro as one of the most in-fluential Portuguese directors. While Oliveira is associated with neorealism and literary tradi-tions, Monteiro favored surrealism, anarchy, and “perverted mysteries”. Excluding political un-dertones, Monteiro was a master at getting under people’s skin. He famously enraged audiences and critics with the release in 2000 of his film Branca de Neve (Snow White), a movie presenting mainly a black screen and allegedly costing the Portuguese government hundreds of thousands of euros in production. In this MoMA’s retrospective, I am fortunate to watch Recordações da Casa Amarela (Recollections of the Yellow House), perhaps Monteiro’s most acclaimed film released in 1989.
Recollections of the Yellow House features a middle-aged drifter named João de Deus (named after the Portuguese patron saint of the poor and mentally ill). João lives in a rundown boarding house, wanders aimlessly the rundown historic neighborhoods, stubbornly ignores and refuses to treat an undiagnosed illness, and visits his aging, still-working mother only when he needs money. When João is not busy scraping money for rent, his “roving-eye” lusts after any woman who may innocently pay him attention. Even the landlady’s daughter is not safe from his overtures. After he foolishly makes a pass at her daughter, the landlady kicks him out of her house, throwing him to a life on the streets. Immediately thereafter, he suffers a mental breakdown, and starts a period of hallucination, imagining himself a high-ranking cavalry officer in the Portuguese Army. I won’t spoil the rest of the movie, but João embarks upon a compelling and tragic descent into madness.
This was my first introduction to Monteiro’s work, and to call it a unique experience is an under-statement. Recollections of the Yellow House is an unpredictable movie, keeping the audience guessing at every turn. While some parts were a bit confusing for a first-time watch, it is certainly not a boring film. With an anti-fascist and anti-clerical upbringing, Monteiro was an artist who was no stranger to controversies. He believed fascism persisted and flourished within the existing power structures resulting in an enhanced status quo. Monteiro’s films often used fetishes and violence as symbols of fascism’s legacy in post-revolution Portugal. To be shocking takes no tal-ent, but to be shocking with-a-purpose, takes true artistry. Monteiro was such an artist.