03/11/2015
principle of management:
Chapter 1
Management
o The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently.
Managers
o The people responsible for supervising the use of an organization’s resources to meet its goals.
Resources are organizational assets
o People ØSkills ØKnowledge ØInformation
o Raw materials ØMachinery ØFinancial capital
Efficiency
o A measure of how well or productively resources are used to achieve a goal.
Effectiveness
o A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and the degree to which they are achieved.
Three Steps in the Planning Process:
o Deciding which goals to pursue.
o Deciding what courses of action to implement.
o Deciding how to allocate resources.
Organization
o People working together and coordinating their actions to achieve specific goals.
Goal/objective
o A desired future condition that the organization seeks to achieve.
Strategy
o A cluster of decisions about what goals to pursue, what actions to take, and how to use resources to achieve goals.
Levels of Management
o First-line managers
Responsible for day-to-day operations. Supervise people performing activities required to make the good or service.
o Middle managers
Supervise first-line managers. Are responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals.
o Top managers
Responsible for the performance of all departments and have cross-departmental responsibility.
Managerial Role
o Interpersonal Ø Informational Ø Decisional
Conceptual Skills
o The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and distinguish between cause and effect.
Human Skills
o The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups.
Technical Skills
o The specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role.
Chapter 2
Public speech Vs. Presentation
o Public speech is the act of speaking or giving a lecture to a group of people intended to inform or influence based on political, social or religious gathering.
The audience in presentation can be:
o Company employees
o Class students
o Thesis and papers panel
o Court judges.
Why giving presentations?
o To inform
o To persuade/ influence
o To motivate
o To entertain
Presentation contains three stages..
o Preparation
o Design
o Delivery
Preparation…
o Know what you are going to present
1. Research
2. Read more about the subject
3. Collect more data and information
o Know the event place
1. Location
2. Travel ways/time
o Know about your audience in terms of social demographics:
1. social class & income groups
2. Ethnic and cultural beliefs
3. Gender and life style
4. Education level etc.
. Design…
o Power point preparing
1. Use appropriate font (times new roman)
2. Size, not too small or too large
3. Use upper-case font for titles
Delivery..
o Introduction: tell what you are going to tell
o Discussion/body: tell it
o Conclusion: then, tell what you have told.
Tips for effective presentations..
o Get practice
o Come early
o Don’t read the slides
o Don’t plan gestures
o Don’t apologize
Use body language to communicate with your audience
o Smile
o Eye contact
o Hand gestures
o Facial expressions
Chapter 3
What’s Your Global Perspective?
Parochialism - viewing the world solely through your own perspectives, leading to an inability to recognize differences between people.
Ethnocentric Attitude - the parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country.
Polycentric Attitude - the view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business.
Geocentric Attitude - a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.
Trading Alliances
European Union (EU) - a union of 27 European nations created as a unified economic and trade entity
Euro - a single common European currency
Nations (ASEAN) - a trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - an agreement among the Mexican, Canadian, and U.S. governments in which certain barriers to trade have been eliminated.
Global Trade Mechanisms
World Trade Organization (WTO) - a global organization of 153 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) - an organization of 185 countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and provides advice, loans, and technical assistance.
World Bank Group - a group of five closely associated institutions that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - an international economic organization that helps its 30 member countries achieve sustainable economic growth and employment.
Types of International Organizations
Multinational Corporation (MNC) - a broad term that refers to any and all types of international companies that maintain operations in multiple countries.
Multidomestic Corporation - an MNC that decentralizes management and other decisions to the local country.
Global Company - an MNC that centralizes management and other decisions in the home country.
Transnational or Borderless Organization - an MNC in which artificial geographical barriers are eliminated.
How Do Organizations Go Global?
Global Sourcing - purchasing materials or labor from around the world wherever it is cheapest.
Exporting - making products domestically and selling them abroad.
Importing - acquiring products made abroad and selling them domestically.
Licensing - an organization gives another organization the right to make or sell its products using its technology or product specifications.
Franchising - an organization gives another organization the right to use its name and operating methods.
The Economic Environment
Free Market Economy - an economic system in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector.
Planned Economy - an economic system in which economic decisions are planned by a central government.
The Cultural Environment
o National Culture - the values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and beliefs about what is important.
o Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) program - a research program that studies cross-cultural leadership behaviors.
Contemporary Issues
o Cultural Intelligence - cultural awareness and sensitivity skills.
o Global Mind-Set - attributes that allow a leader to be effective in cross-cultural environments.
End of chapter three
What is time management
o Time management is simply the way you manage your use of time resource
o Time cannot be managed, but ourselves.
o Every individual on earth has:
1. 24 hrs a day
2. 7 days a week
3. 12 months a year…
Importance of Time management
o More accomplishment
o Less stress
o More balanced life
o Self motivating in meeting deadlines
o More free time.
Steps in eff. Time management
o Set goals
o Prioritize
o Spend time planning and organizing
o Use a To Do list
o Learn to say “NO”
o Do the right thing at the right time
o Be flexible
o Reward your self
The biggest time Wasters
o Telephone
o T.V
o Unexpected/drop in visitors
o Video games and social networks e.g. F.book
o Unplanned activities
o Procrastination
Appointments…
o Appointment is the agreement of meeting with someone on a known place and time.
Tips for making appointments…
o Know the point of interest of the meeting
o Ask the person “the time he/she is available”
o Suggest place and time with reasoning.
Procrastination
o Procrastination is to put off, postpone or delay doing something unnecessarily.
Causes of procrastination
o Poor time management skills
o Difficulty of concentration-environment
o Stress in another areas of life
How to prevent procrastination.
o List the activities you want to do
o Prioritize activities
o Break activities in to small parts
